Sentences with phrase «hypotheising ozone changes»

The authors used «fingerprints» of the ozone changes with season and altitude to attribute the ozone's recovery to the continuing decline of atmospheric chlorine originating from chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs).

Stratospheric cooling as a result of excess CO2 does influence ozone recovery, and ozone changes in the troposphere and stratosphere to have effects on radiative balance of the planet.

Zhang, Y, Cooper, OR, Gaudel, A, Thompson, AM, Nédélec, P, et al. 2016 Tropospheric ozone change from 1980 to 2010 dominated by equatorward redistribution of emissions.

To what extent is ozone changing in the developing world?

Note that the last remark can go either way, as the solar signal can even be more enhanced at the cost of the sensitivity for the greenhouse signal... And from Hansen ea.: «Solar irradiance change has a strong spectral dependence [Lean, 2000], and resulting climate changes may include indirect effects of induced ozone change [RFCR; Haigh, 1999; Shindell et al., 1999a] and conceivably even cosmic ray effects on clouds [Dickinson, 1975].

Thus it doesn't make sense to ask whether ozone changes are or aren't a forcing without discussing what kind of model you are talking about.

In such a model, ozone changes are a response (possibly leading to a feedback) to other imposed changes.

On longer time scales, solar - related effects may play a bigger role, though I have yet to be persuaded that the observations imply a stronger effect than you can get just with irradiance / ozone changes.

Also, due to the multiplicity of anthropogenic and natural effects on the climate over this time (i.e. aerosols, land - use change, greenhouse gases, ozone changes, solar, volcanic etc.) it is difficult to accurately define the forcings.

[Response: The problem with hypotheising ozone changes in the past is that ozone leaves no unique geochemical trace, and thus you have to rely on models completely to fill in the gaps.

Remember, too, that ozone changes are part of the observed stratospheric cooling.

When we consider that the average Ozone change between 1950 and 2000 in was approximately 280 Dobson units we have another contributor to the reduction in the Stratospheric temperatures that are missing from your strawman.

Three different ozone databases provide regression fits to the ozone observations, and are available for use in model studies of the influence of ozone changes on stratospheric and tropospheric temperatures.

Therefore, the uncertainties in ozone changes in the tropical lower stratosphere and their characterization in different databases using regression fits constitute a major barrier to understanding temperature trends and radiative forcing.

«We use 1280 years of control simulation, with constant preindustrial forcings including constant specified CO2, and a five - member ensemble of historical simulations from 1850 — 2005 including prescribed historical greenhouse gas concentrations, SO2 and other aerosol - precursor emissions, land use changes, solar irradiance changes, tropospheric and stratospheric ozone changes, and volcanic aerosol (ALL), following the recommended CMIP5 specifications.

For example, only 8 of 23 CMIP3 models included black carbon while less than half included future tropospheric ozone changes.

The authors use a two - dimensional atmospheric model to simulate the nitrate and ozone changes associated with the A.D. 1908 Tunguska event where a bolide airburst occurred over Siberia, Russia.

Several models also include effects of tropospheric and stratospheric ozone changes.

In the bottom panel, ozone changes between 1980 and 2000 are compared for different latitudes.

In the top panel, global ozone changes are compared with average global ozone found in the period of 1964 to 1980.

Temperature observations will also be studied and interpreted in a more integrated manner, in order to better understand the linkages of stratospheric ozone changes to surface climate.

My earlier link relating to the effect of solar protons provides a plausible mechanism for the ozone changes above 45Km and in the mesosphere.

And ozone changes are again implicated because that level of 50Km is so close to that level of 45Km (mentioned by Joanna Haigh) where the ozone reaction seems to change.

CCMVal is an important corner stone for the interpretation of recent climate and ozone changes and the assessment of possible future development.

If the ozone changes were to influence the radiation in these setups, then we'd have a cleaner separation of the climate influence of LLGHGs, but we'd compromise our ability to diagnose AIE (and the separation of «climate» is somewhat imperfect anyway, since the SST changes include the influence of aerosols and ozone, so it's not just LLGHGs).

6.6.1 Effects of Stratospheric Ozone Changes on Radiatively Active Species 6.6.2 Indirect Forcings of Methane, Carbon Monoxide and Non-Methane Hydrocarbons 6.6.3 Indirect Forcing by NOx Emissions 6.6.4 Stratospheric Water Vapour

Shindell, D.T., and G. Faluvegi, 2002: An exploration of ozone changes and their radiative forcing prior to the chlorofluorocarbon era.

As a consequence of the ozone changes, radiative forcing of surface climate is out of phase with solar activity.

We have discussed this issue time and again in our own work, and Keith Briffa, Malcolm Hughes, and many others have published on this, w / competing possible explanations (stratospheric ozone changes, incidentally, is the least plausible to me of multiple competing, more plausible explanations that have been published).

Ozone changes could affect stratospheric winds so that breaking of vertically propagating planetary - scale Rossby waves from the troposphere would be affected, this breaking could drive the downward propagation of NAM - like patterns which would ultimately be seen in the SAT.

Zonal mean atmospheric temperature change from 1890 to 1999 (°C per century) as simulated by the PCM model from (a) solar forcing, (b) volcanoes, (c) wellmixed greenhouse gases, (d) tropospheric and stratospheric ozone changes, (e) direct sulphate aerosol forcing and (f) the sum of all forcings.

Ozone changes in 2055, when the projected equivalent chlorine loading returns to its 1980 value, show the positive impact of stratospheric cooling by GHGs and the negative impact of water vapor increases, which outweigh the cooling.

If we are seeing changes to the tropopause temperatures as an indirect impact from increased Asian aerosol emissions or solar - driven ozone changes, then this might be better thought of as impacting the efficacy of those forcings rather than implying some sensitivity change.

In addition, the solar - plus - ozone change leads to increased tropical stratospheric warming in the mid-to-upper stratosphere during solar maximum conditions.

Not exact matches

This «would create a persistent layer of black carbon particles in the northern stratosphere that could cause potentially significant changes in the global atmospheric circulation and distributions of ozone and temperature,» they concluded.

«The rapid global decline in ozone - depleting substances shows that we can make positive change when we act decisively.

Google cars equipped with Aclima's mobile sensing technology are able to monitor molecules that can negatively affect health and climate changes like nitric oxide, black carbon, methane, carbon dioxide, ozone and Volatile Organic Compounds.

Photocopiers are a source of potentially deadly ozone if the filter isn't periodically changed, and it's possible that even very small amounts can cause chest pain and irritation.

Climate change, smog, acid rain, dead zones and the ozone hole are real issues affecting the planet, and nitrogen pollution plays a key role in each of them.

There is also growing understanding of the links between atmospheric problems such as local air pollution, acid rain, global climate change and stratospheric ozone depletion.

As Matthew Hoffmann has argued [2], the ozone negotiations marked a normative shift over the desirability of universal participation in global environmental negotiations, a shift that was locked into the initial negotiations on climate change.

[2] Matthew Hoffmann, 2005, Ozone Depletion and Climate Change, Albany: State University of New York Press.

As the Montreal Protocol marks its 25th anniversary — the UN Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer — its legacy lives on, tugging and pulling at the sleeves of international efforts to address climate change.

If there were any losers affected by Koo's change it was the Queens Republican organization with Koo's election in 2009, along with Councilmember Dan Halloran of Whitestone, it was Republican Chairman Phil Ragusa, who could then boast of his organization's new found power as it brought the council ranks from Queens to three as Eric Ulrich had been previously elected to the Ozone Park seat.

State Sen. Joseph Addabbo (D - Howard Beach) and City Councilman Eric Ulrich (R - Ozone Park) sparred over their records and qualifications for Senate at a spirited debate last Thursday at Our Lady of Hope School in Middle Village, with Addabbo portraying himself as a leader who stands up for workers and families during tough fiscal times and Ulrich arguing the effort has not been enough to change New York's economy.

The committee, along with Queens Councilman Ruben Wills, advised developer George Tserpes of Tserpes Holding LLC to withdraw his application seeking a zoning change to build a $ 60 million, 13 - story hotel in a residential area in Queens» South Ozone Park, because it would likely not be approved.

«While ozone depletion from dichloromethane is currently quite modest, it is uncertain how the amount of this gas in the atmosphere will change in the future.

On the broader implications of the findings and outlook, Dr Hossaini said: «Ozone is an important climate gas and changes to its abundance, including due to the increasing influence of dichloromethane, could be relevant for refining future climate predictions.

«We are quickly running out of time to prevent hugely dangerous, expensive, and perhaps unmanageable climate change,» wrote the report's authors, who include former U.N. Environment Programme chief Achim Steiner and Mexican chemist Mario Molina, who won the Nobel Prize for his role in discovering the threat that chlorofluorocarbon gases pose to the Earth's ozone layer.

If Lu's suggestion is correct, ozone levels should fall then rise every 11 years, in step with changes in cosmic - ray intensity driven by the 11 - year solar cycle.