Sentences with phrase «hypoxia increases»

Hypoxia Increases Heat Shock Protein 90 Expression in Vascular Smooth Muscle.

Moderate hypoxia increases heat shock protein 90 expression in excised rat aorta.

Hypoxia Increases Heat Shock Protein 90 (HSP90) Expression in Vascular Smooth Muscle.

So, any condition that increases hypoxia increases the risk of sickling and crisis pain.

Not exact matches

If the initial work rate and RPE are set in a feedforward or anticipatory manner as is suggested (B and C on fig 2), then the starting power output should be similar whenever exercise is performed at a given RPE, irrespective of experimental interventions, such as increased ambient temperatures, hypoxia and dietary interventions.

The prone or side sleep position can increase the risk of rebreathing expired gases, resulting in hypercapnia and hypoxia.54, — , 57 The prone position also increases the risk of overheating by decreasing the rate of heat loss and increasing body temperature compared with infants sleeping supine.58, 59 Recent evidence suggests that prone sleeping alters the autonomic control of the infant cardiovascular system during sleep, particularly at 2 to 3 months of age, 60 and can result in decreased cerebral oxygenation.61 The prone position places infants at high risk of SIDS (odds ratio [OR]: 2.3 — 13.1).62, — , 66 However, recent studies have demonstrated that the SIDS risks associated with side and prone position are similar in magnitude (OR: 2.0 and 2.6, respectively) 63 and that the population - attributable risk reported for side sleep position is higher than that for prone position.65, 67 Furthermore, the risk of SIDS is exceptionally high for infants who are placed on their side and found on their stomach (OR: 8.7).63 The side sleep position is inherently unstable, and the probability of an infant rolling to the prone position from the side sleep position is significantly greater than rolling prone from the back.65, 68 Infants who are unaccustomed to the prone position and are placed prone for sleep are also at greater risk than those usually placed prone (adjusted OR: 8.7 — 45.4).63, 69,70 Therefore, it is critically important that every caregiver use the supine sleep position for every sleep period.

In animal models, exposure to cigarette smoke or nicotine during fetal development alters the expression of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in areas of the brainstem important for autonomic function, 28 alters the neuronal excitability of neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarius (a brainstem region important for sensory integration), 29 and alters fetal autonomic activity and medullary neurotransmitter receptors.30 In human infants, there are strong associations between nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and serotonin receptors in the brainstem during development.31 Prenatal exposure to tobacco smoke attenuates recovery from hypoxia in preterm infants, 32 decreases heart rate variability in preterm33 and term34 infants, and abolishes the normal relationship between heart rate and gestational age at birth.33 Moreover, infants of smoking mothers exhibit impaired arousal patterns to trigeminal stimulation in proportion to urinary cotinine levels.35 It is important to note also that prenatal exposure to tobacco smoke alters the normal programming of cardiovascular reflexes such that there is a greater - than - expected increase in blood pressure and heart rate in response to breathing 4 % carbon dioxide or a 60 ° head - up tilt.36 These changes in autonomic function, arousal, and cardiovascular reflexes might all increase an infant's vulnerability to SIDS.

To enable them to survive, adapt and grow in the low - oxygen or «hypoxic» environments, tumors contain increased levels of a protein called Hypoxia - inducible factor 1 (HIF - 1).

They acknowledge that electronic fetal monitoring increases the rate of instrumental delivery (such as use of forceps) and caesarean section, but argue that increased intervention «may not be entirely undesirable, given that appropriately timed intervention is likely to avoid neonatal hypoxia, seizures, and perinatal death.»

Recent studies showed that low oxygen conditions increase levels of a family of proteins known as HIFs, or hypoxia - inducible factors, that turn on hundreds of genes, including one called NANOG that instructs cells to become stem cells.

Results of the study showed that increased lactate production was found by hyperpolarized MRI in areas of hypoxia, or low - oxygenation, and higher levels of FDG binding represented areas of hypermetabolic activity surrounding the hypoxic areas.

Gibbons adds that millions of years of adaptation to low - oxygen waters allowed the goby «to capitalize on the changes to the system — both increased hypoxia and [hydrogen sulfide] as well as the jellyfish.»

When hypoxia occurs, the activity of CD45 — a protein found in myeloid and lymphoid cells — increases.

The research, published in PLOS ONE, found that several markers of insulin resistance were increased following sustained exposure (6 - 8 weeks) to hypoxia at high altitude and that this change was related to increased blood levels of markers of inflammation and oxidative stress.

Finally, alcohol and cigarette smoking were associated with a decreased risk of intrauterine passing of meconium, a sign of acute fetal stress and / or hypoxia; methamphetamine, with an increased risk.

A statistically significant increase was observed relative to control at all hypoxic time points up to the 6 h duration of hypoxia.

Experimental hypoxia rapidly reduces photoreceptor oxidative metabolism and increases glycolysis [10 — 13].

In our study, developmental hypoxia throughout most of gestation did not affect maternal food intake or fetal growth, but it increased placental weight.

Similarly, Bernaudin et al. [43] found increased expression of 18 genes in the neonatal rat brain following hypoxia (8 % O2 for 3 h) including several known hypoxia inducible genes such as MAP kinase phosphatase - 1 (MKP - 1), several HIF - 1 target genes including VEGF and GLUT - 1, genes implicated in apoptosis, signal transduction molecules, and transcription factors.

Acute intermittent hypoxia is a new strategy that may have the potential to increase neuroplasticity in individuals with injuries of the spinal cord.

Several genes were identified as upregulated after 1 h of hypoxia including adenosine receptor A2AR, and another group of genes was increased after 6 h of hypoxia including VEGF, adrenomedullin, and GLUT - 1.

HIF - 1α protein continued to increase to approximately 15-fold more than the control level after 3 h of hypoxia.

Increased oxidative metabolism and myoglobin expression in zebrafish muscle during chronic hypoxia.

Together, our results reinforce the idea that EMT and stem cell factors work cooperatively in highly tumorigenic cancer subpopulations and raise interesting questions about their contribution to the increased metastatic capability observed in the cycling hypoxia - selected subpopulation.

Quantitative analysis of Snail and vimentin protein expression by Western blotting revealed a 3 - to 4-fold increase in nuclear Snail expression and an 8 - to 9-fold increase in vimentin expression in the MDA - MB 231 F3 and BCM2 F3 cells compared with the parental and hypoxia - exposed A3 subpopulations (Figure 6c).

The Student t test was used to calculate the significance of increased CD44 + / CD24 - / ESA + and E-cad - / CD44 + / CD24 - populations in the cycling hypoxia - selected subpopulations.

Other groups have also reported that exposing cancer cells to environmental factors such as serum deprivation or hypoxia alone can increase the stem - like phenotype or the number of stem - like cancer cells [40, 48, 49].

Furthermore, the cycling hypoxia - selected F3 subpopulations had increased mRNA levels of three mesenchymal transcription factors - Snail (7 - to 10-fold), Slug (2 - to 3-fold), and Twist (2 - to 4-fold)- as measured by qRT - PCR (Figure 6d).

Anti-angiogenic agents increase breast cacner stem cells via the generation of tumour hypoxia

It is possible that Notch regulation by estrogen is context dependent, but our data clearly show that hypoxia activates estrogen signaling, resulting in increased Notch1 cleavage and activation of downstream targets.

Under hypoxic conditions activates the transcription of over 40 genes, including, erythropoietin, glucose transporters, glycolytic enzymes, vascular endothelial growth factor, and other genes whose protein products increase oxygen delivery or facilitate metabolic adaptation to hypoxia.

ERK1 / 2 inhibition increases antiestrogen treatment efficacy by interfering with hypoxia - induced downregulation of ERalpha: a combination therapy potentially targeting hypoxic and dormant tumor cells

We hypothesized that this may be due to altered cancer stem cell (CSC) activity resulting from increased tumor hypoxia.

Fifty percent tumor formation required 3.1 × 105 hypoxia pretreated MCF7 cells, whereas 6.5 × 105 control MCF7 cells were required for the same level of tumor formation suggesting a 2-fold increase in tumor - initiating cells (Fig. 1E).

Breast cancer cells, which survive in hypoxia, share many characteristics with breast cancer stem cells (CSC) such as loss of estrogen receptor - α (ER - α) expression (1), increased anoikis resistance (14) and increased resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy (15, 16).

Tumor hypoxia is often linked to decreased survival in patients with breast cancer and has been shown to induce specific molecular changes in cells including changes that confer a more malignant phenotype such as increased proliferation (3), survival (4), invasion (5), and metastasis (6).

A significant increase in MFC was observed in 231 - YNICD cells cultured in hypoxia similar to that seen in ER - α — positive cells (Fig. 4C).

These data also add further support to the activation or ER and Notch signaling in hypoxia with increased expression of ER and Notch target genes (highlighted in Table 1) in the ER - positive lines.

To mimic the in vitro hypoxic response in vivo, we developed a xenograft model based on the hypothesis that with increasing xenograft sizes, there will be a parallel increase in hypoxia due to rapid cell proliferation and restricted blood supply to the xenograft cells.

Earlier reports support the observed hypoxia induced increase in CSC in breast cancer cell lines (18 — 20), but the ER - α — dependent contrasting reaction has not been reported elsewhere.

The data presented in this article suggests that tumor subtype needs to be taken into account during treatment design as blocking angiogenesis and therefore increasing tumor hypoxia may be beneficial in the treatment of ER - α — negative breast cancer but could have catastrophic effects on ER - α — positive breast cancer.

Mouse fetal development is perturbed by culture in low oxygen concentration that increases expression of oxygen - sensitive genes via hypoxia inducible factors: A non-epigenetic embryonic programming phenomenon?

The scientists theorised that the lack of oxygen did the trick; previous studies on rats revealed that their insulin sensitivity increased under hypoxia regardless of exercise.

In a study involving rats, researchers discovered that young male rats respond to normal episodes of hypoxia, or brief periods of oxygen deprivation, during sleep by increasing brain activity to take deeper and more frequent breaths.

Intestinal ischemia increases capillary permeability and can lead to mucosal lesions and hypoxia.

But veterinarians who believe that brachycephalic dogs suffer more from heart issues suggest that a deficiency of oxygen over time (chronic hypoxia) causes blood channels in the lungs to narrow (pulmonary vasoconstriction) which then leads to increased blood pressure within the heart (pulmonary hypertension), a known risk for heart failure.

The lower Chesapeake Bay is especially at risk due to high rates of sinking land (known as subsidence).96 Climate change and sea level rise are also likely to cause a number of ecological impacts, including declining water quality and clarity, increases in harmful algae and low oxygen (hypoxia) events, decreases in a number of species including eelgrass and seagrass beds, and changing interactions among trophic levels (positions in the food chain) leading to an increase in subtropical fish and shellfish species in the bay.66

Harmful algal blooms [133] and hypoxia [134] regularly drive mobile animals from certain areas, and increasing coastal development encroaches upon or destroys habitats.

The effects of eutrophication on carbonate chemistry can exceed that of OA from anthropogenic CO2 by either increasing pH, when enhanced CO2 uptake by primary producers prevails (Borges and Gypens 2010), or by decreasing pH, where enhanced respiratory CO2 release prevails (Cai et al. 2011), a condition often associated with coastal hypoxia (Feely et al. 2010).

In addition to this natural variability, humans have perturbed climate by increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations, which have increased ocean temperatures, water column stratification, hypoxia, and water column anoxia and have decreased surface ocean pH [6], [7].