Sentences with phrase «hypoxic cell»
She is the coauthor of several published papers involving hypoxic cell sensitization from that research project.
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These «aggregates» can comprise hundreds of thousands of cells, be up to 2 mm in diameter and be eight times more resistant to chemotherapy drugs — firstly because hypoxic conditions are created inside the aggregates and secondly because these tumour cells reduce growth and are therefore less sensitive.
«We would hope to create little protein factories in the tumour cell that are only switched on when the cells are hypoxic,» says Kingsman.
Professor Ali Tavassoli, who led the study with colleague Dr. Ishna Mistry, explains: «In an effort to better understand the role of HIF - 1 in cancer, and to demonstrate the potential for inhibiting this protein in cancer therapy, we engineered a human cell line with an additional genetic circuit that produces the HIF - 1 inhibiting molecule when placed in a hypoxic environment.
Cadherin - 22 is located on cell surfaces, allowing hypoxic cancer cells to stick together and migrate collectively as a group, said Uniacke.
In an earlier article, Jenkins showed that females with severe hypoxic ischemic injury benefit from a combination treatment of hypothermia and NAC, which provides the rate - limiting amino acid for the primary anti-oxidant in all cells.
Interestingly, Rho kinase inhibition under hypoxic conditions produced a more effective increase in chondrocyte - specific gene expression and synthesis of extracellular matrix components by HCS - 2 / 8 cells.
They play a pivotal role in regulating synaptic transmission, modulating excitotoxicity responsible for much of the neuronal damage caused by hypoxic insult in the brain [37], and are expressed in retinal photoreceptors, horizontal cells, and bipolar cells as well as the amacrine and ganglion cells of the inner retina [38 — 41].
In normoxic cells, the transcription factor HIF - 1α is degraded by the action of E3 ubiquitin ligase on the oxygen - dependent degradation domain (ODD) of HIF - 1α; however HIF - 1α is stabilized and therefore, accumulates in hypoxic cancer cells.
Progenitor cell trafficking is regulated by hypoxic gradients through HIF - 1 induction of SDF - 1.
Embryonic endothelial progenitor cells armed with a suicide gene target hypoxic lung metastases after intravenous delivery.
Expression of angiopoietin - 1 in hypoxic pericytes: regulation by hypoxia - inducible factor - 2alpha and participation in endothelial cell migration and tube formation.
During tumor development, rapid expansion of cancer cells creates a hypoxic microenvironment that is followed by periods of reoxygenation to promote tumor progression.
Guava ViaCount Reagent (Millipore Corporation) was used to determine the viability and cell numbers after each hypoxic cycle.
Cells were collected from either the media (floating subpopulation) or the adherent subpopulation after each hypoxic cycle and dissociated into single - cell suspension by trypsin / EDTA (trypsin / ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid).
Melanocytes have the capacity to respond to a diverse number of extracellular signals, including UVR, endocrine signaling cascades that occur during pregnancy, micro-environments of the stem cell hair bulge vs. differentiated hair follicle niches, and hypoxic conditions found in metastatic melanoma tumors.
Support to date for the existence of an hypoxic niche in marrow blood stem cells came from indirect evidence such as expression of the hypoxia protein Hif - 1 and related genes and staining with surrogate markers of hypoxia.
Similar to Tam, gefitinib blocked the hypoxic effect in ER - α — positive primary samples and cell lines but had no effect on ER - α — negative primary samples or cell lines (Fig. 2C).
Hypoxic effect on adherent holoclone culture (C) and percentage ALDH1 - positive cells (D).
No significant differences were seen between the normoxic and hypoxic anoikis - resistant populations collected from MCF7 cells and a single significant gene change (PIP) was seen in T47D (Table 1) suggesting that the CSC - enriched population remains virtually unchanged following hypoxic culture and the increase in MFC, HFC, and tumor initiating cells is, therefore, due to expansion of the population, perhaps by increased symmetric self - renewal of the CSC or de-differentiation of early progenitor cells, rather than simply the acquisition of anoikis resistance in non-CSC.
ERK1 / 2 inhibition increases antiestrogen treatment efficacy by interfering with hypoxia - induced downregulation of ERalpha: a combination therapy potentially targeting hypoxic and dormant tumor cells
Recent reports show increased CSC activity following hypoxic exposure in breast cancer cell lines (18 — 20), but no reports have studied this rare population in primary human breast cancer samples.
These data support the hypothesis that ER - α plays an important role in the hypoxic CSC response in ER - α — positive cells and that signaling through this pathway is responsible, at least in part, for the increase in CSC.
There may be a certain level of complexity in elucidating the mechanisms involved in this negative response as we have shown that the response can be easily altered with expression of either ER - α or N1 - ICD, and this suggests that the intrinsic hypoxic response of these cells can be overcome quite simply.
Putative model of breast cancer cell hierarchy and the hypoxic effect.
We measured the expression of ALDH1 in cell lines following normoxic and hypoxic culture and, in support of the MFC and HFC data shown above, show increased ALDH1 - positive cell number in ER - α — positive lines and a contrasting decrease in ER - α — negative lines (Fig. 1D).
To mimic the in vitro hypoxic response in vivo, we developed a xenograft model based on the hypothesis that with increasing xenograft sizes, there will be a parallel increase in hypoxia due to rapid cell proliferation and restricted blood supply to the xenograft cells.
Dormant tumor cells in a hypoxic bone marrow niche (19) will be enriched for CSC in ER - α — positive breast cancer but depleted in ER - α — negative cancers profoundly influencing the capacity for late disease recurrence.
They found that exosomes derived from older children's cells were only reparative if they were subjected to hypoxic conditions (lack of oxygen), while exosomes from newborns» cells improved rats» cardiac function with or without hypoxia.
Tam significantly reduced the hypoxic - MFC increase in all ER - α — positive cells tested, although in 2 of 6 primary cases, the MFC remained significantly raised compared with control (Fig. 2B).
NSCs localize to infiltrative tumor cells and hypoxic tumor regions, which are inaccessible to intravenously administered drugs [7].
Inhibition of ER - α blocked the hypoxic CSC response in all ER - α — positive cells, supporting the role of estrogen signaling in the hypoxic response.
N1 - ICD was increased in all ER - α — positive primary cells and lines following hypoxic culture (Fig. 3A).
Hypoxic Induction of Vasorin Regulates Notch1 Turnover to Maintain Glioma Stem - Like Cells.
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) in the hypoxic BM regions are blamed for the incurability of MM, because CSCs are often resistant to drugs currently used against BM cancers (including proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulatory agents).
In 1924, the Nobel Laureate Otto Heinrich Warburg, determined that cancer cells have a dependency on glucose for growth and metastastic processes under hypoxic (low oxygen conditions), using glycolysis
(a) The oxidative catabolism of free fatty acids and amino acids (via the Respiratory Chain and Citric Acid Cycle) might be inhibited in hypoxic cancer cells via the judicious use of agents which inhibit their availability, i.e., partially inhibit hepatic fatty acid synthesis and keep plasma amino acid levels within the normal range, thus decreasing ATP production;
Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a condition which causes the newborn baby's brain cells to die due to lack of oxygen supply, causing permanent brain damage.