One of the benefits of constructing these artificial wetlands was thought to be in cleaning and filtering polluted water, including mitigating the effects of excess fertilizer runoff, which has been contributing to
hypoxic zones in the ocean.
The Black Sea once hosted one of the largest
hypoxic zones in the world, stretching 15,000 square miles.
By 2017, excessive nitrogen from agriculture had created
a hypoxic zone in the Gulf extending 22,729 square kilometers (8775.7 square miles)-- an area larger than the state of New Jersey.
«While there is some uncertainty regarding the size, position and timing of this year's
hypoxic zone in the Gulf, the forecast models are in overall agreement that hypoxia will be larger than we have typically seen in recent years.»
Dysfunctional microbiomes are associated with issues including human chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and asthma; local ecological disruptions such as
the hypoxic zone in the Gulf of Mexico; and reductions in agricultural productivity.
Not exact matches
However,
in order to come close to achieving a reduced target
hypoxic zone of 5,000 square kilometers (1930.5 square miles) by 2050, nitrogen levels would have to be brought to zero — a scenario that the researchers note
in their paper is «not only considered unrealistic, but also inherently unsustainable.»
Lothar Stramma, a physical oceanographer at the Christian Albrechts University of Kiel
in Germany and his associates describe the
hypoxic problem as global
in a paper accepted for publication
in Deep - Sea Research, stating that tropical low - oxygen
zones have expanded horizontally and vertically around the world, and that subsurface oxygen has decreased adjacent to most continental shelves.
Two surveys conducted
in June and early July, one of which was led by a NOAA - supported Texas A&M University team, suggested a large
hypoxic zone was forming
in the Gulf, though the LUMCON July measurement will be the official one as required of NOAA by the Task Force.
The
hypoxic zone off the coast of Louisiana and Texas forms each summer threatening the ecosystem supporting valuable commercial and recreational Gulf fisheries that
in 2011 had a commercial dockside value of $ 818 million and an estimated 23 million recreational fishing trips.
In 2014, sustained winds from Hurricane Arthur mixed Chesapeake Bay waters, delivering oxygen to the bottom and dramatically reducing the size of the
hypoxic zone to 0.58 cubic miles.
Hypoxic (very low oxygen) and anoxic (no oxygen)
zones are caused by excessive nutrient pollution, often from human activities such as agriculture, which results
in insufficient oxygen to support most marine life
in near - bottom waters.
The confirmed size of the 2013 Gulf
hypoxic zone will be released
in August, following a monitoring survey led by the Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium beginning
in late July, and the result will be used to improve future forecasts.
The largest
hypoxic zone measured to date occurred
in 2002 and encompassed more than 8,400 square miles.
The Mississippi River / Gulf of Mexico Nutrient Management Task Force supports the goal of reducing the size of the
hypoxic zone to less than 5,000 square kilometers, or 1,900 square miles, which will require substantial reductions
in nitrogen and phosphorus reaching the Gulf.
This summer's
hypoxic zone («dead
zone») is one of the largest measured since the team of researchers from Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium and Louisiana State University began routine mapping
in 1985.
This year's
hypoxic zone, nearly the size of the state of Massachusetts, is right
in the range predicted earlier
in the year by the Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium, which does a yearly survey of oxygen levels.
The
hypoxic zone forms
in the middle of the most important commercial and recreational fisheries
in the coterminous United States and could threaten the economy of this region of the Gulf.
Hypoxic areas, or «Dead
Zones,» have increased
in duration and frequency across our planet's oceans since first being noted
in the 1970s.
The dead
zone's return was discovered by oceanographers at Oregon State University, who deployed robotic underwater gliders and other monitoring devices over the past few months to assess oxygen levels
in the water.They discovered that oxygen levels on reefs previously devastated by past dead
zones had dropped to 0.5 mL / L by the end of June — a far cry from the 1.4 mL / L level considered to be
hypoxic for most marine life.