Under New York State law, landlords are responsible for removing snow and
ice accumulation from their property.
For example a large 1987 calving event removed 100 years of
ice accumulation from the Ross Ice Shelf in just one day, an amount second only to the loss of the Larsen Ice Shelf.
Not exact matches
An
ice core is a core sample
from the
accumulation of snow and
ice over many years that have recrystallized and have trapped air bubbles
from previous time periods.
First, the frictional process of sliding: glaciers are rivers of
ice that move («slide»)
ice from centers of
accumulation to oceans, a process that affects climate and water levels.
David Ullman, a postdoctoral researcher at Oregon State University and lead author on the study, said there are two mechanisms through which
ice sheets diminish — dynamically,
from the jettisoning of icebergs at the fringes, or by a negative «surface mass balance,» which compares the amount of snow
accumulation relative to melting.
But the large volumes of data on Arctic sea and land
ice that IceBridge has collected during its nine years of operations there have also enabled scientific discoveries ranging from the first map showing what parts of the bottom of the massive Greenland Ice Sheet are thawed to improvements in snowfall accumulation models for all of Greenla
ice that IceBridge has collected during its nine years of operations there have also enabled scientific discoveries ranging
from the first map showing what parts of the bottom of the massive Greenland
Ice Sheet are thawed to improvements in snowfall accumulation models for all of Greenla
Ice Sheet are thawed to improvements in snowfall
accumulation models for all of Greenland.
Vast
accumulations of dusty
ice appear
from the poles to the midlatitudes; in some places the
ice has seemingly formed glacierlike tongues more than a half mile wide.
The new study used
ice cores to estimate annual snow
accumulation from 1712 to 2010 along West Antarctica's coast.
The IPCC projects that
ice mass loss
from melting of the Greenland
ice sheet will continue to outpace
accumulation of snowfall.
West Antarctic
Ice Sheet temporal and spatial
accumulation variability
from five new snowpits and firn cores.
According to VetStreet.com, if your dog has a thin coat, consider purchasing a sweater or another piece of outerwear to protect his or her torso, as well as small booties that can safeguard your dog's paw pads
from frostbite and the
accumulation of salt and
ice melter.
Would this
accumulation result in
ice / water - free tropical deserts (they do mention deserts but not in this context), deserts that would put an end to any serious atmospheric H2O warming resulting
from the hot noon - day tropical temperatures?
The acceleration increased the mass loss
from 5 km3
ice / year in 1996 (12) to 36 km
ice / year in 2005 (Table 1), which is 6 % of Greenland's total
accumulation.
Long
ice cores
from East Antarctica show
accumulation increased there following the LGM until it levelled off a few thousand years ago.
This 20 - year variability is, however, significantly reduced in the northern (Camp Century and Agassiz
Ice Cap) region, likely due to a larger distance
from the Atlantic Ocean, and a much lower snow
accumulation.
This snowpack
accumulation near the poles, which gets its water via the Arctic and Antarctic oceans, that in turn rob it
from equatorial latitudes of our oceans, also results in a reduction in the earth's spin axis moment of inertia and causes the spin rate to increase as evidenced in the recent history of the rate at which Leap Seconds are added to our calendar (see Wysmuller's Toucan Equation for more on this evidence that during this warm time with much greater polar humidity, earlier seasonal, later seasonal and heavier snows are beginning to move water vapor
from the oceans to the poles to re-build the polar
ice caps and lead us into a global cooling, while man - made CO2 continues to increase http://www.colderside.com/faq.htm).
After a weeklong delay in data availability
from a 61st satellite maneuver in 13 years to makeup low earth orbit drag, we find Greenland
ice reflectivity (a.k.a. albedo) returning toward higher values, evidence of fresh snowfall
accumulation and accompanying lower temperatures now as the melt season approaches its end.
Buoys provide key observations for mapping and attributing summer
ice loss: drift, bottom vs. top melt, amount of snow
accumulation, nature of ponds (even if anecdotal
from web cams), and thickness of level
ice.
Similarly Greenland's snowfall
accumulation is at all time highs and recent GRACE results show that after several years of accelerated
ice loss due to glacier thinning, the net loss
from Greenland in 2013 - 2014 was insignificant.
Although Zwally calculated the net «mass gains
from snow
accumulation exceeded losses
from ice discharge by about 112 and 82 Gt / year respectively during the 1992 - 2001 and 2003 - 08 measurement periods», he also reported that the rate of
ice loss along the west Antarctic coast and the peninsula had increased
from 64 GT / year to 135 GT / year during those same periods.
A new NASA study says that an increase in Antarctic snow
accumulation that began 10,000 years ago is currently adding enough
ice to the continent to outweigh the increased losses
from its thinning glaciers.
219 The temperature and precipitation records are replotted
from the data of K. M. Cuffey and G. D. Clow, «Temperature,
accumulation, and
ice sheet elevation in Central Greenland through the last deglacial transition,» Journal of Geophysical Research 102 (C12): 26383 - 96 (1997).
I got a most probable value of 1.55 C / doubling, a 17 % to 83 % range of 1.41 C to 3.27 C / doubling, and a 5 % to 95 % range of 1.18 C to 6.2 C / doubling... not far
from your values (but I assumed a little higher total heat
accumulation, including deep ocean uptake equal to 10 % of the 0 - 2000M value, and some additonal heat for
ice melt and land mass warming).
229 Time resolution on the scale of a year or two can be obtained
from semi-fossil trees, e.g., Roig et al (2001) have a 1229 - year - long stretch of tree - ring widths
from the middle of the last
ice age at 40 ° S that shows abrupt droughts with abrupt recoveries (tenfold changes in yearly
accumulation), but they are floating in absolute time and such local records can not yet be matched to events in the
ice - core records.
In
ice sheets it may take many thousands of years for
ice to flow
from the
accumulation area to the melting are...
Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) data (2003 — 08) show mass gains
from snow
accumulation exceeded discharge losses by 82 ± 25 Gt a − 1, reducing global sea - level rise by 0.23 mm a − 1.
To determine how much
ice and snowfall enters a specific
ice shelf and how much makes it to an iceberg, where it may split off, the research team used a regional climate model for snow
accumulation and combined the results with
ice velocity data
from satellites,
ice shelf thickness measurements
from NASA's Operation IceBridge — a continuing aerial survey of Earth's poles — and a new map of Antarctica's bedrock.
Mass Gains of the Antarctic
Ice Sheet Exceed Losses http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20120013495 SCAR ISMASS Workshop, July 14, 2012 «During 2003 to 2008, the mass gain of the Antarctic ice sheet from snow accumulation exceeded the mass loss from ice discharge by 49 Gt / yr (2.5 % of input), as derived from ICESat laser measurements of elevation cha
Ice Sheet Exceed Losses http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20120013495 SCAR ISMASS Workshop, July 14, 2012 «During 2003 to 2008, the mass gain of the Antarctic
ice sheet from snow accumulation exceeded the mass loss from ice discharge by 49 Gt / yr (2.5 % of input), as derived from ICESat laser measurements of elevation cha
ice sheet
from snow
accumulation exceeded the mass loss
from ice discharge by 49 Gt / yr (2.5 % of input), as derived from ICESat laser measurements of elevation cha
ice discharge by 49 Gt / yr (2.5 % of input), as derived
from ICESat laser measurements of elevation change
These rapid changes are the result of increased discharge
from grounded
ice into the ocean and
from increased
ice melting, which more than outweigh increases in surface
accumulation.
Annual mass balance is the difference between winter snow and
ice accumulation on a glacier, and summer snow and
ice loss
from a glacier during a given year.
http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20120013495.pdf During 2003 to 2008, the mass gain of the Antarctic
ice sheet
from snow
accumulation exceeded the mass loss
from ice discharge by 49 Gt / yr (2.5 % of input), as derived
from ICESat laser measurements of elevation change.
And
ice motion is caused by gravity (the slope of canyons which channel the
ice off the continent) and basal melting
from trapped
accumulations of geothermal heat, correct?
The remainder of the
ice loss
from Greenland has occurred because losses due to melting have exceeded
accumulation due to snowfall.
I also collect and analyze
ice cores
from alpine glaciers to learn about the history of temperature and snow
accumulation.
Pursuant to a recent Illinois Supreme Court decision, if a property owner shovels the snow or
ice, and his or her efforts results in an «unnatural
accumulation» of snow or
ice that causes an injury, the property owner is still immune
from liability.
The judge concluded that, whether it was a chunk of
ice that had fallen
from the median or a patch of refrozen runoff
from the snow pile, the
ice that caused the plaintiff's fall was a «natural
accumulation.»
Footnote 17 of the Papadopoulos case notes that perhaps should be the case that, «in the absence of unusual circumstances, a property owner, in fulfilling the duty owed to invitees upon his property to exercise reasonable diligence in removing dangerous
accumulations of snow and
ice, may await the end of a storm and a reasonable time thereafter before removing
ice and snow
from outside walks and steps.»
RI Slip and Fall on
Ice and Snow Law: «Rhode Island follows the «Connecticut Rule» when determining the duty of care to keep a premises safe from naturally occurring accumulations of ice and sn
Ice and Snow Law: «Rhode Island follows the «Connecticut Rule» when determining the duty of care to keep a premises safe
from naturally occurring
accumulations of
ice and sn
ice and snow.
This rule, as we apply it, provides that a landlord or business invitor owes aduty to a tenant or business invitee 1292 * 1292 «to use reasonable care to see that the common areas are kept reasonably safe
from the dangers created by an
accumulation of snow and
ice which is attributed to purely natural causes.»
Accumulations of
ice form at a roof's edge and prevent melting snow
from draining properly.