Sentences with phrase «ice clouds high»

Not exact matches

But it's not clear which effect predominates in the Arctic, he explained, since different types of clouds have different effects on climate, depending on whether they're made of ice or snow, whether they're thick or thin, and how high they sit in the atmosphere.

The extremely low temperatures and rapid freezing were crucial to forming cubic ice, Wyslouzil said: «Since liquid water drops in high - altitude clouds are typically supercooled, there is a good chance for cubic ice to form there.»

Researchers created ice crystals with a near - perfect cubic arrangement of water molecules, in order to better understand how high - altitude ice clouds interact with sunlight and the atmosphere.

Found high in Jupiter's atmosphere, these clouds are probably made of ice crystals.

But clouds could form around dirty ice at temperatures as high as — 123 ° C, Plane and colleagues report online March 6 in the Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets.

These bands, with alternating wind motions, are created by differences in the thickness and height of the ammonia ice clouds; the lighter bands rise higher and have thicker clouds than the darker bands.

In high cirrus clouds, which consist purely of ice crystals, the researchers, however, came across a surprisingly strong reaction to laser irradiation: As described in PNAS, the laser pulses increase the number of ice particles by up to a factor of 100 within only a few seconds.

By analyzing this data over the following six months, the researchers found that clouds that grew at the lowest temperatures required extremely high relative humidity in order for water vapor to form an ice crystal around a dust particle.

Cubed ice crystals — which may exist naturally in cold, high - altitude clouds — could help improve scientists» understanding of clouds and how they interact with Earth's atmosphere and sunlight, two interactions that influence climate.

In addition, he says, since CFCs are not particularly soluble in water, they would not be present in cloud - born ice particles in very high concentrations, so the mechanism Lu and Sanche propose would not dissociate enough CFCs to have a big impact on ozone levels.

The pink areas are high - altitude methane - ice clouds.

If the high, partially obscuring clouds contain tiny hexagonal ice crystals, a halo will form around the sun or the moon.

High in a cloud, water vapor will condense around these newly formed ice crystals, causing them to grow.

In this paper, we use the Spitzer c2d ice survey, complimented with data sets on ices in cloud cores and high - mass protostars, to determine standard ice abundances and to present a coherent picture of the evolution of ices during low - and high - mass star formation.

The median ice composition H2O: CO: CO2: CH3OH: NH3: CH4: XCN is 100:29:29:3:5:5:0.3 and 100:13:13:4:5:2:0.6 toward low - and high - mass protostars, respectively, and 100:31:38:4: -: -: - in cloud cores.

Four other instruments on board the aircraft measure the physical properties of droplets and ice crystals in high monsoon and cirrus clouds.

i.e. water vapour would have to go down as temperature rises, low clouds would have to be incredibly sensitive, high clouds not sensitive at all — and forget the ice - albedo feedback!

But they do at least have certain basic physical principles in their cloud representations — clouds over ice have less albedo effect than clouds over water, you don't get high clouds in regions of subsidence, stable boundary layers lead to marine stratus, etc..

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The higher - frequency «solar photons», if reflected by something on the surface (be it an ice - sheet, a body of water, or someone's windshield) will happily change course and zip right out of the atmosphere again, completely unaffected by GHGs (though not by cloud, of course.)

It cools, and if it get high enough any water vapour it contains that has not already turned into cloud, condenses into ice clouds.

That sounds very high to me, even before discounting for the seasonality of missing ice and heavy cloud cover.

That was due to increased global moisture content, decreased global average cloud cover and decreased sea ice extent at high latitudes.

At the recent European Geophysical Union conference, there were posters on banner clouds on the Zugspitze, the role of cubic ice crystals in high cirrus formation, and the role of global cooling in the fall of the Neanderthals.

With high altitude ice clouds their infrared heat trapping exceeds their solar shading effect.

Farman et al. (1985); Susan Solomon and, independently, Michael McElroy and Steven Wofsky explained that the unexpected factor destroying ozone was catalysis on the surface of ice crystals in high clouds.

A 1 % decrease in cloud cover has a slightly higher radiative effect as all the observed loss of Arctic sea ice to date has had.

(Ramanathan and Inamdar 1989) So a 1 % decrease in cloud cover has a slightly higher radiative effect as all the observed loss of Arctic sea ice to date has had.

It is caused by chemical reactions that take place primarily on the surface of polar stratospheric clouds, ice particles or liquid droplets which form at high altitudes in extreme cold.

The high altitude camping on Devon Island allowed them to correct their data sets to take into account anomalies like the radar - based GRACE penetrating the soft snow and bouncing off harder ice below, or ICESat's laser - based system bouncing off clouds

Ozone holes are caused by chemical reactions that take place primarily on the surface of polar stratospheric clouds, ice particles, or liquid droplets, which form at high altitudes in the extreme cold of the polar regions.

The towering clouds were so high that they punched through the troposphere (the lowest layer of the atmosphere where most weather occurs) and sent air loaded with ice crystals rushing into the stratosphere, a higher layer that normally contains very little moisture.

In Antarctica, the ice that covers the continent has a higher albedo than clouds, so more clouds means warming.

What I like about this approach is that it can be matched to observational data on humidity, ice extent, cloud extent and type (low, cooling clouds and high cirrus clouds that can exert a warming effect).

The rising zones, meanwhile, soar high into the atmosphere, and contain clouds of ammonia ice crystals that reflect sunlight, and block the view of the darker layers below, just like clouds here on Earth.

The 12 - and 11 - µm ΔBT helps to distinguish between high, thick clouds and high, thin clouds by delineating cloud phase (ice or liquid water) and cloud particle size (small or large).

Serreze, M.C. and R.S. Bradley, 1987: Radiation and cloud observations on a High Arctic plateau ice cap.

The US CLIVAR PSMI Panel seeks new panelists with prior expertise in field / process studies or model development in one or more of the following areas: (a) clouds, (b) high - frequency ocean - atmosphere interaction (diurnal to sub-seasonal), (c) coastal ocean processes, (d) high - latitude processes (i.e., Arctic, Antarctic, ocean - ice interactions), or (e) ocean biogeochemical cycles / ecosystem interactions.

Thus clouds share a role with the greenhouse gases and also share a role with the ice and snow fields of the high latitudes.

The statement of P&B is somewhat odd as the high - latitude marine areas are almost continuously covered by low clouds; and for the cloudless case the Fresnel formulas show that the light from a Sun low over the horizon is reflected almost as much by water than by the irregular surface of the ice pack.

One can't arbitrarily choose feedbacks for water vapor, ice / albedo, clouds, etc., without looking to see how these phenomena are actually behaving — e.g., what are the radiative properties of water vapor, how is relative humidity changing, what is happening to low cloud cover, high cloud cover, and the high / low cloud ratios, etc.?.

This is due to the difficulty in distinguishing a cold, bright object (i.e., a cloud) from an ice or snow covered surface: as a result of these difficulties ISCCP has been noted to mistake temperature changes for cloud changes at high latitudes (Rossow & Schiffer 1999; Laken & Pallé 2012).

High clouds are usually composed solely of ice crystals and have a base between 18,000 and 45,000 feet (5,500 and 14,000 metres).

Quite off the mark, surface temperatures are mostly average because there is still some ice reflecting sunlight, but sunlight is very intense due to low cloud extent and high sun elevations, and does not show immediately above the ice, but further up.

Cirrus clouds — high - altitude clouds of ice crystals — typically form as a byproduct of the life cycle of cumulus towers created by rising updrafts of heated, moist air.

The dust particles act as surfaces, or kernels, for water vapor to attach to in low clouds, and for ice crystals to form around in higher clouds.

Still, since there are no long term ground measurements for dust and high clouds in these areas, and because it has been hard to measure these high clouds with satellites, it is difficult to make firm conclusions regarding ice forming around dust kernels, high clouds and rainfall.

CMIS represented the state of the art in satellite microwave radiometers and was intended to continue, with a higher degree of accuracy and resolution, the time series of many fundamental climate variables, including SST and wind, sea ice and snow coverage, soil moisture, and atmospheric moisture (vapor, clouds, and rain).

That is, more dust creates heavy ice particles in high clouds that rain down and ultimately reduce high cloud amounts.

In high clouds, such as cirrus, cirrostratus, and deep convective clouds, there is some evidence that dust particles over wetter regions south of the desert provide surfaces for ice crystals to form around.