Sentences with phrase «ice clouds using»

Together with colleagues from Berlin and Geneva, climate researchers from Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) have been investigating the interactions of laser light and ice clouds using the unique AIDA aerosol and cloud chamber on KIT's Campus North.

Not exact matches

Dozens of states and countries run cloud - seeding programs using artificial ice - nucleating compounds.

But that year she teamed up with Paul DeMott, a cloud physicist from Colorado State University, to see if they could use the machine to identify the particles that form ice in clouds.

Microwaves are used to measure ice packs because they see through clouds.

Prather and her team use special single - particle mass spectrometers, which sample cloud droplets and ice crystals in real - time.

© John Whatmough — larger image (Artwork from Extrasolar Visions, used with permission) View of of tidally locked, cold side of planetary candidate b with ice clouds on dark side, as imagined by Whatmough.

The expansion chamber will be used to create a supercooled cloud by expansion and growth of drops at temperatures below 260 K.... In addition to experiments with supercooled liquid droplets already present (freezing nucleation), we will also investigate ice nucleation without pre-existing droplets (deposition nucleation).

«Probability density function,» a statistical representation of the likelihood of something occurring at any point in time, was used to examine cloud properties, including vertical motion, liquid and ice water content, and the conditions of cloud particle growth, including how ice crystals grow at the expense of liquid droplets.

Further studies using PNNL's ice nucleation chamber will simulate the life cycle of aerosol in a cloud.

MARCI images will be used to document the weather on Mars by observing the comings and goings of dust storms, polar frost, and clouds of water vapor, water ice, and carbon dioxide crystals.

In this paper, we use the Spitzer c2d ice survey, complimented with data sets on ices in cloud cores and high - mass protostars, to determine standard ice abundances and to present a coherent picture of the evolution of ices during low - and high - mass star formation.

Two missions will use space - borne lasers to measure tree height: an instrument mounted on the International Space Station, called the Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI); and a satellite called the Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite - 2 (ICESat - 2), that will focus on measuring snow and ice, but will also measure the planet's foresIce, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite - 2 (ICESat - 2), that will focus on measuring snow and ice, but will also measure the planet's foresice, but will also measure the planet's forests.

This strategy is used to identify ice bands and to constrain which ices form early during cloud formation, which form later in the prestellar core and which require protostellar heat and / or UV radiation to form.

This fall, NASA will launch the Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite - 2 (ICESat - 2), which will use a highly advanced laser instrument to measure the changing elevation of ice around the world, providing a view of the height of Earth's ice with greater detail than previously possibIce, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite - 2 (ICESat - 2), which will use a highly advanced laser instrument to measure the changing elevation of ice around the world, providing a view of the height of Earth's ice with greater detail than previously possibice around the world, providing a view of the height of Earth's ice with greater detail than previously possibice with greater detail than previously possible.

The researchers used mass spectrometry to analyze the ice crystals in natural and artificial clouds.

********************************************************** CONTENT • Cover • 15 x Labelled Types of Weather Photo Posters • TOU / Credits LIST OF WEATHER TYPES • blizzard • cloud • flood • fog • hail • hurricane • ice • rain • rainbow • sleet • snow • sun • thunderstorm • tornado • wind Please note: these photographs are for personal and classroom use only.

In addition, since the global surface temperature records are a measure that responds to albedo changes (volcanic aerosols, cloud cover, land use, snow and ice cover) solar output, and differences in partition of various forcings into the oceans / atmosphere / land / cryosphere, teasing out just the effect of CO2 + water vapor over the short term is difficult to impossible.

Looking at errors in cloud physics, or boundary layer mixing or ice albedo can be done using atmosphere - only simulations which take less than a day to run.

Since many of these processes result in non-symmetric time, location and temperature dependant feedbacks (eg water vapor, clouds, CO2 washout, condensation, ice formation, radiative and convective heat transfer etc) then how can a model that uses yearly average values for the forcings accurately reflect the results?

In 2003, NASA launched the Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite (ICESat), using laser altimetry to more accurately measure changes in the Earth's surface elevation.

It would have to be something that affected the net heat balance of the earth by affecting incoming radiation (solar inputs, aerosols, clouds), the reflectivity of the earth (ice caps, land use changes) or the ability of the surface to cool (greenhouse gases).

likewise, lambda must be 0.231 for clouds and 0.091 for ice / albedo feedback, using Hansen's figures.

The ARISE campaign, using NASA's C - 130 Hercules aircraft from Wallops Flight Facility in Virginia, had its first science flight on Sept. 4 and has already carried out several surveys of sea ice and cloud conditions.

The use of such a model was justified by the observed relationship between the normalized variability of cloud depth and both the cloud amount and the normalized variability of the ice - water mixing ratio (and extinction).

This model could be used as a starting point in the development of a GCM parameterization of a the ice mixing - ratio probability distribution function and cloud amount, if a means of diagnosing the depth of the saturated layer and the standard deviation of cloud depth from basic large - scale meterological parameters could be determined.

The presence of cloud condensation and ice nuclei in air parcels is tested by using cloud chambers in which controlled temperatures and relative humidities are specified.

More complex examples (General Circulation Models) attempt to represent everything — clouds, air movement, rain, shrinking ice, ocean heat, as well as the interaction between all these things, which in effect define climate — as well as use archive information to model climates from the past, in order to make predictions for the future.

1) All are numbers that assume clouds and ice are the same; 2) I think there is a significant error using Stevenson screens and one meter below surface ocean measurements.

In a process called cloud seeding, silver iodide, with effective ice - nucleating temperatures of less than − 4 °C, has been used for years in attempts to convert supercooled water to ice crystals in regions with a scarcity of natural ice nuclei.

This quantity represents the difference in the intensity of the long - and short - wave infrared radiation at these two wavelengths that travels upward from the atmosphere to the satellite, and it is traditionally used to differentiate between water and ice clouds.

Measure the temperatures of sea ice, ocean surface, and cloud tops using IR images and sensors deployed on the USCG C - 130

Trying to do this work using earlier visible and thermal imagery requires the scientists to go through each image and manually filter out the clouds and determine where the ice is.»

The wide range of studies conducted with the ISCCP datasets and the changing environment for accessing datasets over the Internet suggested the need for the Web site to provide: 1) a larger variety of information about the project and its data products for a much wider variety of users [e.g., people who may not use a particular ISCCP data product but could use some ancillary information (such as the map grid definition, topography, snow and ice cover)-RSB-; 2) more information about the main data products in several different forms (e.g., illustrations of the cloud analysis method) and more flexible access to the full documentation; 3) access to more data summaries and diagnostic statistics to illustrate research possibilities for students, for classroom use by educators, or for users with «simple» climatology questions (e.g., annual and seasonal means); and 4) direct access to the complete data products (e.g., the whole monthly mean cloud dataset is now available online).

Using liquid and ice microphysics models reduces the biases in cloud optical thicknesses to ≲ 10 %, except in cases of mistaken phase identification; most of the remaining bias is caused by differences between actual cloud particle sizes and the values assumed in the analysis.

The most significant changes in the new D - series cloud datasets are: 1) revised radiance calibrations to remove spurious changes in the long - term record, 2) increased cirrus detection sensitivity over land, 3) increased low - level cloud detection sensitivity in polar regions, 4) reduced biases in cirrus cloud properties using an ice crystal microphysics model in place of a liquid droplet microphysics model, and 5) increased detail about the variations of cloud properties.

Particle probe measurements in the cirrus clouds are used to compute ice water content and radar reflectivity averages in short time periods (25 — 30 s).

Due to persistent cloud cover, which obscures optical sensors, scientists from the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) at the University of Colorado, Boulder, use infrared (IR) sensors to infer the amount of heat emitted from the surface.

Observed and simulated cloud properties will be considered within the context of the aerosol and meteorological environment over the West Antarctic Ice Sheet using ancillary AWARE, reanalysis and satellite measurements.

The three studies, using different methodologies to estimate the global surface albedo feedback associated with snow and sea ice changes, all suggest that this feedback is positive in all the models, and that its range is much smaller than that of cloud feedbacks.

The passive - microwave data used for the Sea Ice Index is especially helpful because the sensor can «see» through clouds and deliver data even during the six months of Arctic darkness and frequently cloudy conditions.

The expansion chamber will be used to create a supercooled cloud by expansion and growth of drops at temperatures below 260 K.... In addition to experiments with supercooled liquid droplets already present (freezing nucleation), we will also investigate ice nucleation without pre-existing droplets (deposition nucleation).

Even using infrared sensing techniques has been challenging in the past because both clouds and ice cover in Greenland have similar temperatures.