Sentences with phrase «ice concentration from»

It could be that the heavy fog has resulted in an overestimation of the ice concentration from the passive microwave satellite observation.»

we can learn even more by looking at maps of the maximum ice concentration from the National Sea Ice Data Center.

The black line is a simulated mean sea ice concentration from the CanESM2 large ensemble, a group of models developed at the Canadian Center for Climate Modelling and Analysis.

Arctic sea ice concentration from operational ice charts and satellite passive microwave data.

The primary sources of the post-1972 data are the hemispheric fields of sea - ice concentration from (1) the U.S. National Ice Center (NIC), whose weekly grids (derived primarily from satellite data) span the period 1972 - 1994, and (2) the satellite passive - microwave grids from the Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) / Special Sensor Microwave / Imager (SSM / I) period, 1978 - 97 (Parkinson and others, 1999).

Sea ice concentration from the Hamburg Group, Lars Kaleschke and Tom Agnew suggest that there were large regions of low sea ice concentrations (black regions) within the boundary of sea ice extent at the end of July

The map shows Arctic sea ice concentration from the AMSR2 satellite instrument for September 5, 2016.

which includes bias corrections for XBT and MDT data, and satellite - based sea ice concentrations from the EUMETSAT Ocean Sea Ice satellite Application Facility (OSI - SAF,

The first set of simulations, referred to as Global Atmosphere - Global Ocean (GOGA) experiments, are forced with prescribed SST and sea ice concentrations from the observational datasets of Hurrell et al. (2008) for 1979 — 2008, with different initial conditions for each ensemble member.

Although several different algorithms have been used to derive sea ice concentrations from the satellite measurements, our analyses based on the Hurrell et al. (2008) data are consistent with previous studies.

How do sea - ice concentrations from operational data compare with passive microwave estimates?

Meier, W., Fetterer, F., Knowles, K., Savoie, M. & Brodzik, M. J. Sea Ice Concentrations From Nimbus - 7 SMMR And DMSP SSM / I Passive Microwave Data (National Snow and Ice Data Center, 2006).

Not exact matches

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Growth rates for concentrations of carbon dioxide have been faster in the past 10 years than over any 10 - year period since continuous atmospheric monitoring began in the 1950s, with concentrations now roughly 35 percent above preindustrial levels (which can be determined from air bubbles trapped in ice cores).

Data from the new ice core array illustrates that Antarctic lead concentrations reached a peak in 1900 and remained high until the late 1920s, with brief declines during the Great Depression and the end of World War II.

The research team — which utilized 34,000 data records from 2010 and 2011 — concluded that melting sea ice is diluting seawater and reducing the concentrations of the carbonate minerals critical as building blocks for the shells of marine life.

Sea ice - associated decline in body condition leads to increased concentrations of lipophilic pollutants in polar bears (Ursus maritimus) from Svalbard, Norway.

«The rise at the end of the Ice Age and today is about the same [a rise of 100 ppm] and we're going to be well above and beyond,» most likely increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases by hundreds of parts per million from preindustrial levels, Shakun notes.

«Detailed chemical measurements in Antarctic ice cores show that massive, halogen - rich eruptions from the West Antarctic Mt. Takahe volcano coincided exactly with the onset of the most rapid, widespread climate change in the Southern Hemisphere during the end of the last ice age and the start of increasing global greenhouse gas concentrations,» according to McConnell, who leads DRI's ultra-trace chemical ice core analytical laboratory.

Concentrations of two other chemicals in the ice cores, vanillic acid (a chemical formed when conifer forests burn) and non — sea salt sulfur (a primary component in acid rain), helped distinguish between soot from natural sources and that from industrial pollution.

Sampling 7,000 - year - old ice cores as well as snowpack dating from 1969 through the mid-1990s, Barbante's team found that concentrations of the metals had risen almost sevenfold since the mid-1970s, when catalytic converters first came into widespread use.

However, the carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere — roughly 290 ppm (parts per million)-- was ca. 110 ppm lower than the current level, as ice core data from the Antarctic shows.

The authors infer — from the way modern photosynthetic organisms react to changing marine arsenic concentrations — that this event was due to widespread ocean toxicity resulting from the release of toxic elements into the oceans when the ice melted.

The team investigated the trajectories of sea ice drifting in the ocean and saw a pattern of ice — and hence water — flowing northward from the vast northern coast of Russia toward the middle of the Arctic Ocean, where the radium concentrations had increased.

Patrick Crill, an American biogeochemist at Stockholm University, says ice core data from the past 800,000 years, covering about eight glacial and interglacial cycles, show atmospheric methane concentrations between 350 and 800 parts per billion in glacial and interglacial periods, respectively.

The second step involved calculating Earth's energy balance for this time period, using estimates of greenhouse gas concentrations extracted from air bubbles in ice cores, and incorporating astronomical factors, known as Milankovitch Cycles, that effect the planetary heat budget.

For up to a month after sea ice had melted, krill samples from transitional zones had high concentrations of IPSO25 and HBI III.

At the poles, gamma - ray data from Mars Odyssey show high concentrations of hydrogen — «the icing on the cake,» Head says.

Then they mixed the CNFs into ice cream at varying concentrations, ranging from zero up to three - tenths of a gram per 100 grams of the dessert.

The sea ice surrounding Antarctica has increased in extent and concentration from the late 1970s, when satellite - based measurements began, until 2015.

The data from Keck Observatory shows that peroxide is widespread across much of the surface of Europa, and the highest concentrations are reached in regions where Europa's ice is nearly pure water with very little sulfur contamination.

How sea ice concentrations around Antarctica differed from average during November 2016.

Variations of deuterium (δD; black), a proxy for local temperature, and the atmospheric concentrations of the greenhouse gases CO2 (red), CH4 (blue), and nitrous oxide (N2O; green) derived from air trapped within ice cores from Antarctica and from recent atmospheric measurements (Petit et al., 1999; Indermühle et al., 2000; EPICA community members, 2004; Spahni et al., 2005; Siegenthaler et al., 2005a, b).

Finnish Meteorological Institute has been doing estimates of two essential sea ice parameters — namely, sea ice concentration (SIC) and sea ice thickness (SIT)-- for the Bohai Sea using a combination of a thermodynamic sea ice model and Earth observation (EO) data from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and microwave radiometer.

The few cells present in drilling water came from the ice that was melted while drilling, Christner says, but the concentration of microbes was thousands of times higher inside the lake.

It uses Ammonium concentration from an ice core in tropical South America (the eastern Bolivian Andes) as a proxy for temperature.

Interlaboratory comparison of 10Be concentrations in two ice cores from Central West Antarctica.

Recent and past dust concentrations and fluxes from a developing array of Antarctic ice cores.

[1] CO2 absorbs IR, is the main GHG, human emissions are increasing its concentration in the atmosphere, raising temperatures globally; the second GHG, water vapor, exists in equilibrium with water / ice, would precipitate out if not for the CO2, so acts as a feedback; since the oceans cover so much of the planet, water is a large positive feedback; melting snow and ice as the atmosphere warms decreases albedo, another positive feedback, biased toward the poles, which gives larger polar warming than the global average; decreasing the temperature gradient from the equator to the poles is reducing the driving forces for the jetstream; the jetstream's meanders are increasing in amplitude and slowing, just like the lower Missippi River where its driving gradient decreases; the larger slower meanders increase the amplitude and duration of blocking highs, increasing drought and extreme temperatures — and 30,000 + Europeans and 5,000 plus Russians die, and the US corn crop, Russian wheat crop, and Aussie wildland fire protection fails — or extreme rainfall floods the US, France, Pakistan, Thailand (driving up prices for disk drives — hows that for unexpected adverse impacts from AGW?)

The so - called «Keeling Curve» charting concentrations of CO2 sinc 1958, set with a longer timeline of estimates from evidence in ice cores.

[Andy Revkin — Above, Mr. McCain appears to be using references to observed changes in ice and climate to fend off potential criticism from a small, but vocal array of climate scientists and conservative or anti-regulatory groups that disparage computer simulations showing the consequences of rising greenhouse - gas concentrations.]

We know from data that we have caused the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere to rise sharply during the past century: it is now much higher than any time during the past 650,000 years (which is as far back as reliable ice core data exist).

But there are solid physical reasons to expect acceleration — the radiative imbalance is growing along with the concentrations of GHGs; we are shedding reflective ice from the cryosphere; our warming atmosphere is holding more water vapor, a potent GHG; and we are melting permafrost and frozen soils to release methane.

On a related note: Does anyone here know where the best source would be for getting a detailed chart of Be-10 concentrations from ice cores plotted against global temps during the past 10,000 years?

This was a relatively stable climate (for several thousand years, 20,000 years ago), and a period where we have reasonable estimates of the radiative forcing (albedo changes from ice sheets and vegetation changes, greenhouse gas concentrations (derived from ice cores) and an increase in the atmospheric dust load) and temperature changes.

a switch from grounded ice, or ice shelves, to open waters in the Ross embayment when planetary temperatures were up to approx 3 °C warmer than today and atmospheric CO2 concentration was as high as approx 400 p.p.m.v.»

They used methane concentrations to synchronize the ice core records from Greenland and Antarctica.

The sea ice concentration record from the Cryosphere Today site shows an unbroken chain of observations from 1979 to 2008.

«the European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica (EPICA) established a precise link between climate records from Greenland and Antarctica using data on global changes in methane concentrations derived from trapped air bubbles in the ice.&raqIce Coring in Antarctica (EPICA) established a precise link between climate records from Greenland and Antarctica using data on global changes in methane concentrations derived from trapped air bubbles in the ice.&raqice.»

These measurements, supplemented by analyses of air bubbles trapped in ice core samples, show unequivocally that atmospheric CO2 has increased from a pre-industrial level of 277 ppm in 1750 to present day concentrations that are approaching 390 ppm.