Sentences with phrase «ice concentrations at»

Modeled monthly sea ice concentrations at the four different core locations.

Yuan et al. (LDEO Columbia University), 5.08 (+ / - 0.51), Statistical The prediction is made by statistical models, which are capable to predict Arctic sea ice concentrations at grid points 3 - month in advance with reasonable skills.

These are spatial plots of the date at which the ice concentration at a given location first drops below 15 %.

Not exact matches

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«While concentrations measured in Antarctic ice cores are very low, the records show that atmospheric concentrations and deposition rates increased approximately six-fold in the late 1880s, coincident with the start of mining at Broken Hill in southern Australia and smelting at nearby Port Pirie.»

It also eliminates much of the uncertainty surrounding potentially ill effects; whereas various mathematical models may disagree about when and at what concentrations Arctic Ocean sea ice disappears, they all agree that at roughly 3 degrees C of warming, the far north will be ice - free.

«The rise at the end of the Ice Age and today is about the same [a rise of 100 ppm] and we're going to be well above and beyond,» most likely increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases by hundreds of parts per million from preindustrial levels, Shakun notes.

Year - round ice - free conditions across the surface of the Arctic Ocean could explain why Earth was substantially warmer during the Pliocene Epoch than it is today, despite similar concentrations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, according to new research carried out at the University of Colorado Boulder.

«When carbon dioxide concentrations and temperatures rise, then mixed - phase clouds will increase their liquid water content,» said Ivy Tan, a PhD candidate at Yale University who led the research, which investigated common clouds that contain both ice and water.

Patrick Crill, an American biogeochemist at Stockholm University, says ice core data from the past 800,000 years, covering about eight glacial and interglacial cycles, show atmospheric methane concentrations between 350 and 800 parts per billion in glacial and interglacial periods, respectively.

At the poles, gamma - ray data from Mars Odyssey show high concentrations of hydrogen — «the icing on the cake,» Head says.

Then they mixed the CNFs into ice cream at varying concentrations, ranging from zero up to three - tenths of a gram per 100 grams of the dessert.

The Mars Express observations hint at greater methane concentrations over areas containing subsurface water ice.

Spleen cells (1 × 106) were incubated with hamster anti-murine αβTCR (Accurate Chemical, Westbury, NY), hamster anti-murine γδTCR (GL3; kindly provided by Leo LeFrancois, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT), or PE - conjugated rat anti-Thy 1.2 (PharMingen, San Diego, CA) at a concentration of 1 μg / ml for 30 min on ice, and washed three times in HBSS.

If nothing is done to stop the increase in the concentration of CO2, sea level rise will not stop at 20 ft.. The Arctic sea ice has nearly gone.

This week, Arctic sea ice extent - that is, the total ocean area in which the ice concentration is at least 15 percent - was at 1.96 million square miles.

There is evidence that Earth has gone through at least one globally frozen, «snowball» state in the last billion years, which it is thought to have exited after several million years because global ice - cover shut off the carbonate - silicate cycle, thereby allowing greenhouse gases to build up to sufficient concentration to melt the ice.

In one sentence: Researchers at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory found that when miniscule particles of airborne dust, thought to be a perfect landing site for water vapor, are modified by pollution, they change cloud properties via ice crystal number concentration and ice water content.

Briefly, the cells were washed in ice - cold PBS and resuspended in binding buffer at a concentration of 1 × 106 cells / mL.

CO2 will also diffuse through the ice at a set rate and the effect over time will be that the CO2 concentration will be a function of the vapor pressure of the CO2 in the trapped air, and the rate of diffusion of the CO2 through the ice.

... Polar amplification explains in part why Greenland Ice Sheet and the West Antarctic Ice Sheet appear to be highly sensitive to relatively small increases in CO2 concentration and global mean temperature... Polar amplification occurs if the magnitude of zonally averaged surface temperature change at high latitudes exceeds the globally averaged temperature change, in response to climate forcings and on time scales greater than the annual cycle.

If you look at anomalies in ice concentration, you'll see that the eastern Arctic is below normal whereas the western Arctic is above normal.

Note that part of the uncertainy in all this is the time uncertainty — from the ice core records, we can pick a rather precise time and look at a rather precise number for greenhouse gas concentrations, but pinning down the magnitude albedo change at exactly the same time (since albedo is not globally uniform, obviously) is impossible.

Alarmed at the pace of change to our Earth caused by human - induced climate change, including accelerating melting and loss of ice from Greenland, the Himalayas and Antarctica, acidification of the world's oceans due to rising CO2 concentrations, increasingly intense tropical cyclones, more damaging and intense drought and floods, including glacial lakes outburst loods, in many regions and higher levels of sea - level rise than estimated just a few years ago, risks changing the face of the planet and threatening coastal cities, low lying areas, mountainous regions and vulnerable countries the world over,

The thrust of my question is this: If we were in the future looking at ice cores from the last few years with today's best available scientific practices, would we be able to measure today's rapid change in atmospheric greenhouse gas concentration?

Dr. Will Chapman's Cryosphere Today web page offers an archive of daily polar sea ice cap concentrations (1979 — present) at:

Figure 1 shows the concentration of multi-year ice (MYI) in the western channel of the Northwest Passage at the end of May this year and for the past four years compared to the 1981 - 2010 climatology.

She and her co-author, Harry Stern, principal mathematician at the PSC, used 35 years of satellite data to examine sea ice concentrations around the entire Arctic.

Spatial distribution of multi-year ice concentration (in tenths) within the Western Parry Channel region of the Northwest Passage at the end of May.

Determining the mechanisms and feedbacks involved in climate change at the end of the last ice age therefore requires an understanding of the relationship between the southern margin ice retreat and connected meltwater events to atmospheric and sea surface temperatures, ice - rafting Heinrich events, sea level rise, and atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations.

This hindcast uses two time - varying inputs: 10 - meter wind vectors from the atmospheric model NAVGEM (Navy Global Environmental Model, Hogan et al. 2014) run at the Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center (FNMOC), and analyses of ice concentrations (also produced at FNMOC) from passive microwave radiometer data (SSM / I).

They used the very advanced ECMWF seasonal prediction model at high resolution and prescribed various sea - ice concentrations, ENSO states, as well SST and solar forcings.

please read Z. Jaworowski's (with Segalstad and Ono) many papers on this subject of trapped gases in glaciers, where he discusses the over 20 mechanical and chemical processes that make accurate measurements impossible; even in shallow cores above the point where co2 is supposedly permanently trap in ice cavities in the firn, co2 concentrations are already 20 - 40 % lower than those measured in air at mauna loa.

Arctic sea ice extent reconstruction - Kinnard et al. 2011 Sea ice albedo feedback - NASA Polar jet stream - NC State University Greenland ice sheet surface melt - NASA Permafrost distribution in the Arctic - GRID - Arendal Atmospheric methane concentration - NOAA ESRL Russia plants flag at North Pole - Reuters

These NASA provided images show the minimum arctic sea ice concentration in 1979, at left, and in 2003.

If you watch the NRL Hycom animations (sequences of daily arctic ice concentration) or look at velocity maps, a lot of the arctic cap flows south.

Measuring the distance apart and speed of 2 satellites in space orbiting the earth to the width of a human hair with no margin for error [damn those drift recalculations], and taking into account unknown factors with respect to the true values for water depth, water weight at different salt concentrations, ice depth magma flows, volcanic activity etc [ie making a lot of guesses], plus taking human motivation on board [like CO2 increase must melt ice surely] can give you an accurate measurement of the volume ice in Antarctica.

This estimate was refined by Hansen and Nazarenko (2004), who used measured BC concentrations within snow and ice at a wide range of geographic locations to deduce the perturbation to the surface and planetary albedo, deriving an RF of +0.15 W mâ $ «2.

Annual Antarctic sea ice extent (total area of at least 15 % ice concentration) for selected years since 1979.

The vulnerable nations declared that they are, «Alarmed at the pace of change to our Earth caused by human - induced climate change, including accelerating melting and loss of ice from Greenland, the Himalayas and Antarctica, acidification of the world's oceans due to rising CO2 concentrations, increasingly intense tropical cyclones, more damaging and intense drought and floods, including Glacial Lakes Outburst Floods, in many regions and higher levels of sea - level rise than estimated just a few years ago, risks changing the face of the planet and threatening coastal cities, low lying areas, mountainous regions and vulnerable countries the world over...»

Salby's numbers for thermal influence on CO2 concentrations are an order of magnitude too high, and back - casting those to the last ice age indicates zero (that is, absolutely none at all) CO2, which would have killed off all vegetable life on the planet.

Scientists at the University of Bremen calculate AMSR2 sea ice concentrations daily in near real time.

A 40 % concentration cutoff; open water areas could have sea ice at concentrations less than 40 %.

Sea ice concentration from the Hamburg Group, Lars Kaleschke and Tom Agnew suggest that there were large regions of low sea ice concentrations (black regions) within the boundary of sea ice extent at the end of July

He notes that ice concentrations in Nares Strait at the end of June were close to 100 % with a concentration of multi-year ice at 45 %.

In fact the earth still manages to go into and out of ice ages on a regular bases regardless of what the CO2 concentration is at the time.

Extent here is defined as the total area of ice with concentration (over an area of at least 100 square kilometers) greater than 15 %.

Also of note is new data showing large regions of low sea ice concentrations within the boundary of sea ice extent at the end of July.

The fourth core, Core PS2138 - 2, is located at the Barents Sea continental margin, an area with a seasonal sea ice cover and a strong influence of warm Atlantic Water inflow today (Fig. 1; ca. 4/10 summer sea ice concentration).

A look at Arctic sea ice concentration over the last 100 years (through 2013) using the latest NSIDC gridded 1850 - reconstruction from Walsh et al. [2016].