There is no corresponding change in
the ice core record for Antarctica, therefore that «abrupt change» was not global
As for his calculated trend disagreeing with
the ice core record for the year 1880 (i.e the CO2 in air, from that period, trapped in ice cores) he «disses» the ice core record claiming it to be only a «proxy».
A comparison of a stomata record with
the ice core record for a 2000 - year period (9000 — 7000 BP) illustrates the issue (Figure 9).
And we have sediment records which confirm and extend
the ice core record for over 2 million years.
You might have noticed that he adds only about.6 C to
the ice core record for the instrumental record, whereas he should have added more like 3 C for Greenland: (http://141.161.23.43/arctic.pdf) Makes a difference to some of his claims.
I am doubtful about
the ice core records for co2 values.
Climatereason, 8/25/14 @ 2:59 pm: I am doubtful about
the ice core records for co2 values.
Not exact matches
To calculate the correlation during the Little
Ice Age, researchers compared the
core data with proxies
for precipitation data, such as data from tree rings, cave formations and other natural
records.
Understanding temperature swings is important
for interpreting Antarctic
ice -
core records, says Turner.
In 2005, the European Consortium
for Ice Coring in Antarctica (EPICA) drilled an ice core in Dome C on east Antarctica's plateau that stretches our record of the ancient atmosphere back 800,000 years (Quaternary Science Reviews, DOI: 10.1016 / j.quascirev.2010.10.00
Ice Coring in Antarctica (EPICA) drilled an
ice core in Dome C on east Antarctica's plateau that stretches our record of the ancient atmosphere back 800,000 years (Quaternary Science Reviews, DOI: 10.1016 / j.quascirev.2010.10.00
ice core in Dome C on east Antarctica's plateau that stretches our
record of the ancient atmosphere back 800,000 years (Quaternary Science Reviews, DOI: 10.1016 / j.quascirev.2010.10.002).
That
record of CO2 levels and temperature, called the European Project
for Ice Coring in Antarctica (EPICA)
core, was published in Nature in 2004.
Modeler Bette Otto - Bliesner of the National Center
for Atmospheric Research in Boulder and paleoclimatologist Jonathan Overpeck of the University of Arizona matched results from the Community Climate System Model and climate
records preserved in
ice cores, exposed coral reefs, fossilized pollen and the chemical makeup of shells to determine the accuracy of the computer simulation.
For example, in the Greenland
ice -
core records, you're seeing climate jump.
The paleoclimate data, which included mainly changes in the oxygen isotopes of the calcium carbonate deposits, were then compared to similar
records from other caves,
ice cores, and sediment
records as well as model predictions
for water availability in the Middle East and west central Asia today and into the future.
Recent inspection of the sulfate
records from the European project
for ice coring in Antarctica's dronning maud land (EDML)
ice core reveals sulfate peaks that have been correlated to presumed YTT sulfate peaks in the North Greenland
ice core project (NGRIP) and GISP2
ice cores; however, once again no volcanic material has been identified (18).
Readers can look
for themselves at the Greenland
ice core record and decide whether there's anything of consequence going on around 41K before present that looks any different from other glacial - interglacial cycles.You can look at the GISP data yourself by downloading
Methane changes much more quickly than CO2 in the
ice core records, through the Younger Dryas
for example, which lasted 1000 years, methane goes back to glacial values while CO2 sort of hovers in place.
Paleoclimate: I don't know
for sure, but this
record is too long (1 million years) to be an
ice core, so I'm guessing it's a stacked sediment
core, showing delta - O18 from ocean foraminifera.
Sigl, M., J. R. McConnell, L. Layman, O. Maselli, K. McGwire, D. Pasteris, D. Dahl - Jensen, J.P. Steffensen, R. Edwards, R. Mulvaney (2013) A new bipolar
ice core record of volcanism from WAIS Divide and NEEM and implications
for climate forcing of the last 2000 years, J. Geophys.
The stack of 57 globally distributed benthic δ18O marine
records (dark grey), a proxy
for global
ice volume fluctuations (Lisiecki and Raymo, 2005), is displayed
for comparison with the
ice core data.
The present
ice ages are the most studied and best understood, particularly the last 400,000 years, since this is the period covered by
ice cores that
record atmospheric composition and proxies
for temperature and
ice volume.
The analyses of two
ice cores from a southern tropical
ice cap provide a
record of climatic conditions over 1000 years
for a region where other proxy
records are nearly absent.
Evidence
for regional warmth during medieval times can be found in a diverse but more limited set of
records including
ice cores, tree rings, marine sediments, and historical sources from Europe and Asia, but the exact timing and duration of warm periods may have varied from region to region, and the magnitude and geographic extent of the warmth are uncertain.
By W. Jackson Davis, Peter J. Taylor and W. Barton Davis Abstract We report a previously - unexplored natural temperature cycle
recorded in
ice cores from Antarctica — the Antarctic Centennial Oscillation (ACO)-- that has oscillated
for at least the last 226 millennia.
A new bipolar
ice core record of volcanism from WAIS Divide and NEEM and implications
for climate forcing of the last 2000 years.
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For another, much as I respect the National Academy, and the various members of the panel that did that assessment, it was in the end their informed opinion being expressed, and there are actually quite a few factual errors in that report (indeed, Steve McIntyre and I had a rare moment of agreement on this, regarding what they said about
ice core records in Antarctica).
In any event, there is unequivocal geologic evidence
for parts of the GIS still in tact during the last interglacial, and Northern Hemisphere
ice core records (see NEEM) now go back that far, which rules out
ice - free conditions at the time in the NH.
Methane changes much more quickly than CO2 in the
ice core records, through the Younger Dryas
for example, which lasted 1000 years, methane goes back to glacial values while CO2 sort of hovers in place.
Now, no - one thinks that tree ring
records have millennial scale non-climatic trends (their problem is precisely the opposite, that the multi-century scale climate trends might be damped), the same is true
for ice cores etc..
The work by Vinther and colleagues in Southern Greenland is therefore key to helping calibrate the Greenland
ice core records, and impressively, the correlations to the older data are as good as to the recent
record, allowing us to have a little more confidence in the even longer term proxy data
for this region.
For example, the following paper http://ocean.mit.edu/~cwunsch/papersonline/milankovitchqsr2004.pdf finds that deep - sea and
ice core records are formally indistinguishable from stochastic data even if the data are artificially tuned to Milankovitch cycles.
Since this is an
ice core record that frequency is
for the location of Summit only.
«the European Project
for Ice Coring in Antarctica (EPICA) established a precise link between climate records from Greenland and Antarctica using data on global changes in methane concentrations derived from trapped air bubbles in the ice.&raq
Ice Coring in Antarctica (EPICA) established a precise link between climate
records from Greenland and Antarctica using data on global changes in methane concentrations derived from trapped air bubbles in the
ice.&raq
ice.»
Maya:
for the longest direct
record of CO2, look at the EPICA Dome C
ice core data.
* Watanabe K., Kamiyama K., Watanabe O. & Satow K., 1998: Evidence
for an 11 - year cycle of atmospheric H2O2 fluctuation
recorded in an
ice core at the coastal region, East Antarctica.
Note that part of the uncertainy in all this is the time uncertainty — from the
ice core records, we can pick a rather precise time and look at a rather precise number
for greenhouse gas concentrations, but pinning down the magnitude albedo change at exactly the same time (since albedo is not globally uniform, obviously) is impossible.
Do keep in mind Valerie's caveat that
ice cores smooth the gas
record, so there is a limit to the timescale we can address, particularly
for the deep east Antarctic
cores....
The marine
coring record for the Arctic suggests that the Artic has never been (summer time)
ice free
for at least hundreds of millions of years; you'll have to find the papers and look at the extent of coverage yourself.
Suffice it to say that the GISP2
ice core recorded temperatures much higher
for most of the past 4,000 years.
Evidence
for regional warmth during medieval times can be found in a diverse but more limited set of
records including
ice cores, tree rings, marine sediments, and historical sources from Europe and Asia, but the exact timing and duration of warm periods may have varied from region to region, and the magnitude and geographic extent of the warmth are uncertain.
The «hockey stick» describes a reconstruction of past temperature over the past 1000 to 2000 years using tree - rings,
ice cores, coral and other
records that act as proxies
for temperature (Mann 1999).
Past climates have left
records in
ice and ocean - sediment
cores that provide some of the best available evidence.1 A couple of kilometres beneath the surface of the Antarctic and Greenland
ice - sheets lies
ice which has been there
for tens of thousands of years.
But
for me the strongest evidence that small flucuations can have tremendous impact comes from the
ice core and sediment
records of the glacial / interglacial cycles.
My role at the meeting was mainly to hold up his one chart (of the Vostok
ice core record, that then unfolded to the much higher projected CO2 levels — a chart the USGCRP [U.S. Global Change Research Office] office that I led at the time had helped the OSTP [White House Office of Science and Technology Policy] to get made
for him).
«We looked at
ice cores and tropical sponge
records, which give us reliable proxies
for the carbon isotope composition of atmospheric carbon dioxide.
No, climate change has not been like this
for the last ~ 650K + yrs, it is happening faster now than any known global climate change in the
ice core records.