That would make
ice cores a record of those specific locations rather than a broader measure of the sea where the evaporation occurred.
The current rate of CO2 rise in atmospheric concentrations is unprecedented with respect to the highest
resolution ice core records which cover the last 22,000 years.
Ice core records prove that current levels of carbon dioxide and methane, both important greenhouse gases, are higher than any previous level in the past 400,000 years.
First, he argues that
since ice core records show that temperature generally started changing before CO2 concentrations by several hundred years, CO2 can't be a major cause of warming.
Ice core records show there was a sharp rise in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere — a nearly 50 % increase — at the end of the last ice age.
Ice core records prove that current levels of carbon dioxide and methane, both important greenhouse gases, are higher than any previous level in the past 400,000 years.
Indeed, Claude Lorius, Jim Hansen and others essentially predicted this finding fully 17 years ago, in a landmark paper that addressed the cause of temperature change observed in
Antarctic ice core records, well before the data showed that CO2 might lag temperature.
He felt the
Vostok ice core records of CO2 and temperature as presented in the movie were «a pretty good match,» and asked Chevron's counsel to comment on that.
For another, much as I respect the National Academy, and the various members of the panel that did that assessment, it was in the end their informed opinion being expressed, and there are actually quite a few factual errors in that report (indeed, Steve McIntyre and I had a rare moment of agreement on this, regarding what they said
about ice core records in Antarctica).
The researchers» results are based on their analysis of a new ice core from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide that goes back 2,000 years, along with a number of other
ice core records going back about 200 years.
For example, the
GISP2 ice core record from Greenland similarly shows an approximate doubling of 10Be concentrations during the last glacial period when we know with 100 % certainty that accumulation rates of snow had halved, demonstrating that there was no change in the 10Be production rate and therefore no change in the cosmic ray flux.
Cole - Dai, J., D.G. Ferris, A.L. Lanciki, J. Savarino, and J.R. McConnell (2013) Two climate - impacting volcanic eruptions in the 1450s C.E. found in a bipolar, sub-annually dated 800 -
year ice core record, J. Geophys.
The rest of what Peter wrote is equally uninformed and unsupported assertion based on similar misunderstandings, including what the Vostok
ice core record actually tells us.
Sigl, M., J. R. McConnell, L. Layman, O. Maselli, K. McGwire, D. Pasteris, D. Dahl - Jensen, J.P. Steffensen, R. Edwards, R. Mulvaney (2013) A new
bipolar ice core record of volcanism from WAIS Divide and NEEM and implications for climate forcing of the last 2000 years, J. Geophys.
This was published over a decade
before ice core records were accurate enough to confirm a CO2 lag (thanks to John Mashey for the tip).
McConnell, J.R., Maselli, O.J., Sigl, M., Vallelonga, P., Neumann, T., Anschutz, H., Bales, R.C., Curran, M.A.J., Das, S.B., Edwards, R., Kipfstuhl, S., Layman, L. and Thomas, E.R., 2014, Antarctic - wide array of high - resolution
ice core records reveals pervasive lead pollution began in 1889 and persists today.
Antarctic
ice core records vividly illustrate that atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels today are higher than levels recorded over the past 800,000 years (Figure 4).
From the orginal publication of Petit, et al., 1999, it seems the Vostok
glacial ice core record consists of 420,000 years recorded in 3350 meters of ice.
Law Dome is useful for bridging the gap between our direct air measurements and the longer, lower resolution
ice core records such as EPICA and Vostok.
Long -
term ice core records show that ice at Summit Station melts about once every 150 years, so widespread melting in one year is not entirely unusual.
The oldest ice core drilled in the Northern Hemisphere was found in Greenland in 2004 by the North Greenland Ice Core Project and was dated to roughly 120,000 years, while the oldest
continuous ice core record recovered on Earth to date is from Antarctica, and extends back 800,000.
The team
analyzed ice core records, providing them with information on when major volcanic eruptions were taking place around the globe — chemicals released during these eruptions are captured in the ice, like a time capsule of geological events.
In any event, there is unequivocal geologic evidence for parts of the GIS still in tact during the last interglacial, and Northern
Hemisphere ice core records (see NEEM) now go back that far, which rules out ice - free conditions at the time in the NH.
I am aware of the temperature sensitivity of the CO2 equilibrium of the atmospheric CO2 level: the vostok
ice core record yields a sensitivity of 9.8 ppm / K.
From a global climate perspective, sulfur cap - and - trade has done very little — and this can also be seen in the sulfate
aerosol ice core records from the Arctic, which show a peak mid-century, and flat after that.
The occurrence of artefacts in
earlier ice core records mainly from Greenland drill sites [enrichment of CO2 due to chemical reactions in the ice; depletion of CO2 due to fractionation during clathrate formation (5)-RSB- can be avoided by careful sample selection.
When sceptics look at statistical data, whether it is recent ice melt, deep sea temperatures, current trend in global surface temperatures, troposphere temperatures,
ice core records etc. they look at the data as it is without any pre-conceptions and describe what it says.