Sentences with phrase «ice cores which»

Stomata data are in no way «better» than ice core CO2 data, they are proxy's of local CO2 levels, not like ice cores which are direct measurements of CO2 in the ancient bulk (95 %) of the atmosphere, be it averaged over several years to several centuries, depending of the snow accumulation rate of the ice core.

The computations show similar long - term variations with the global radionuclides production records from terrestrial archives such as tree rings and ice cores which validate the approach.

The evidence for this is in the Antarctic ice cores which show an 100,000 year cycle of these events.

[Response: The history of eruptions is put together based on networks of sulphate peaks in ice cores which are relatively well - dated and referenced to the historical record.

Lancaster University scientists worked with colleagues from China and Germany to collect and analyse samples from ice cores which had been laid down over 30 years, to show how residues of Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the environment have changed over time.

I've just returned from the deep field site at Aurora Basin where the Australians are drilling a new 400 - meter ice core which we will analyze in my lab in Reno.

Not exact matches

Maggie Beer Products chairman Trevor O'Hoy said on Tuesday the review found the business was on a solid footing but needed to rev up growth beyond the core markets of pate, pastes and premium ice - cream which were in «mature» segments, where there was rising pressure for promotional spending from big supermarket chains stocking the products.

* 1 cup milk (any kind - I use whole, raw milk but you may use the milk you prefer be it dairy or non dairy) * 1 large Bosc pear, cored (choose a pear that is verging on overripe rather than underripe for the sweetest, tastiest smoothie) * 1 teaspoon ground cinnamon * 1 teaspoon pure vanilla extract * protein powder (optional - I like to add 1/2 scoop of Muscle Milk vanilla protein powder, which is the equivalent of approximately 13 grams of protein) * ice cubes

To find out how snowfall has changed recently, Thomas and her colleagues analysed 79 ice cores from across the Antarctic, most of which went back at least 200 years.

The researchers studied temperature measurements over the last 150 years, ice core data from Greenland from the interglacial period 12,000 years ago, for the ice age 120,000 years ago, ice core data from Antarctica, which goes back 800,000 years, as well as data from ocean sediment cores going back 5 million years.

Growth rates for concentrations of carbon dioxide have been faster in the past 10 years than over any 10 - year period since continuous atmospheric monitoring began in the 1950s, with concentrations now roughly 35 percent above preindustrial levels (which can be determined from air bubbles trapped in ice cores).

It is much cheaper to test ice cores, which capture years of data in one core, than to do repeated air sampling over time.

The chunk of the ice core that corresponds to the Inca Empire, about 1438 to 1532, shows a gradual increase in bismuth beginning around 1480, which the researchers believe could mark the spread of a new bronze alloy across the Andes.

Clow measured twice, once in 2011 and again in 2014, the temperature in a 3.4 - kilometer - deep (2 - mile - deep) borehole from which the West Antarctic Sheet Divide ice core had been drilled during an eight - year project that ended in 2011.

Researchers have a record of atmospheric carbon dioxide stretching back millions of years thanks to ice cores from Antarctica, which contain trapped gas bubbles, snapshots of ancient air.

In the climate research community, ice cores are generally considered the gold standard, because their layers are highly consistent, unlike sediment layers from the seafloor, which are frequently marred by tectonic shifts, currents or marine organisms.

The scientists measured the isotope ratios in three ice cores from across East Antarctica, each of which dates back to at least 340,000 years ago.

Abbott, from the Lamont - Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, and her colleagues studied layers of Arctic ice cores dating to that time and found tiny carbon spheres, which they believe formed during the heat and pressure of a cosmic impact.

The ice core data also shows that CO2 and methane levels have been remarkably stable in Antarctica — varying between 300 ppm and 180 ppm — over that entire period and that shifts in levels of these gases took at least 800 years, compared to the roughly 100 years in which humans have increased atmospheric CO2 levels to their present high.

More than a decade ago, the European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica (EPICA) drilled the oldest existing core, which contains 800,000 - year - old ice, from an ice dome in East Antarctica known as DomeIce Coring in Antarctica (EPICA) drilled the oldest existing core, which contains 800,000 - year - old ice, from an ice dome in East Antarctica known as Domeice, from an ice dome in East Antarctica known as Domeice dome in East Antarctica known as Dome C.

But the ice core - derived climate records from the Andes are also impacted from the west — specifically by El Niño, a temporary change in climate, which is driven by sea surface temperatures in the tropical Pacific.

It is part of a broader effort to locate the best place to extract a core containing Earth's oldest ice, which would help to reveal how climate has shaped the planet's past and how to predict future fluctuations.

Hundreds of ice cores taken from around the world will be stored for several centuries in a snow cave at -54 °C in Antarctica, at the Concordia station, which is run by the French Polar Institute (IPEV) and the Italian Antarctic Research program (PNRA).

He pointed to an ice core taken from East Antarctica's Lake Vostok, which lies underneath the ice sheet.

Now the Greenland Ice - core Project team has found that the last interglacial period — between 115 000 and 125 000 years ago — was characterised by a series of cold periods, which began very suddenly and lasted for either decades or centuries (Nature, vol 364, p 203).

The GRIP ice core is a unique archive of past climate and atmospheric chemistry which will improve climate models.

Here, at the West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide, Kendrick Taylor and his team of glaciologists drill into ancient ice to pull up ice cores, which trap bubbles of the atmosphere from the time that ice fell as snIce Sheet Divide, Kendrick Taylor and his team of glaciologists drill into ancient ice to pull up ice cores, which trap bubbles of the atmosphere from the time that ice fell as snice to pull up ice cores, which trap bubbles of the atmosphere from the time that ice fell as snice cores, which trap bubbles of the atmosphere from the time that ice fell as snice fell as snow.

Now, a team of researchers has created for the first time the bizarre stuff that might occupy the frigid cores of these ice giants, potentially explaining their weird magnetic fields which can flip on and off daily.

The team will switch drill bits from the large one that takes ice cores as it goes to a smaller one only a few centimetres in diameter, which will melt its way down using a sterile silicone fluid.

The new evidence has the potential to alter perceptions about which planets in the universe could sustain life and may mean that humans are having an even greater impact on levels of CO2 in Earth's atmosphere than accepted evidence from climate history studies of ice cores suggests.

Such salts could easily have been incorporated as impurities when matter accreted during the planetary formation process and be present in rocks or liquid water with which the core ice interacts.

The paleoclimate data, which included mainly changes in the oxygen isotopes of the calcium carbonate deposits, were then compared to similar records from other caves, ice cores, and sediment records as well as model predictions for water availability in the Middle East and west central Asia today and into the future.

Unlike the tree - ring case, which included additions and divergences (see previous PDF), Wegman's sections on ice core and coral proxies appear to be based on a close following of Bradley's text (except as noted below).

Methane changes much more quickly than CO2 in the ice core records, through the Younger Dryas for example, which lasted 1000 years, methane goes back to glacial values while CO2 sort of hovers in place.

Even if you ignore all the temperature meauserments which you seem to vehimently deny there is still many other sources of evidence associated with this increase such as — ice melt / extreme weather events / sea current changes / habitat changes / CO2 / ice cores / sediment cores.

The pattern of the frequency with which we pass through these fields and the effects they have on our magnetosphere and mean temperatures can be measured in the geologic and ice core samples across our planet.

Joanne also discusses using ice core data, which is generally reliable.

Further information comes from proxies (ice cores, tree rings,...), which give (less exact) information about temperature and some of the primary actors of the past.

Severinghaus discovered that xenon and krypton are well preserved in ice cores, which provides the temperature information that can then be used by scientists studying many other aspects of the earth's oceans and atmosphere over hundreds of thousands of years.

Other tree ring data, 10 Be data, orbital satellite data, borehole data, ice coring data, etc. show, for example, the lengthy medieval warming which is practically absent from the hockey stick.

We synchronize the WD chronology to a linearly scaled version of the layer - counted Greenland Ice Core Chronology (GICC05), which brings the age of Dansgaard - Oeschger (DO) events into agreement with the U / Th absolutely dated Hulu Cave speleothem record.

Here we present a chronology for the deep part of the core (67.8 - 31.2 ka BP), which is based on stratigraphic matching to annual - layer - counted Greenland ice cores using globally well - mixed atmospheric methane.

One example that I wasn't previously aware of, were the climate events of 536 AD — «dry fogs», crop failures, «dim suns» and yellow snow etc. — features consistent with a large volcanic eruption, possibly near the site of Krakatoa — and which correlates with evidence of a sulphate peak in the North GRIP ice core at the same time.

This strategy is used to identify ice bands and to constrain which ices form early during cloud formation, which form later in the prestellar core and which require protostellar heat and / or UV radiation to form.

Hence the continental crust phenomena are accepted as good evidence of earlier ice ages when they are found in layers created much earlier than the time range for which ice cores and ocean sediment cores are available.

Along with tree rings and ice cores, which offer a window into land temperatures throughout Earth's history, these are all examples of «climate proxies».

Indeed, Gore could have used the ice core data to make an additional and stronger point, which is that these data provide a nice independent test of climate sensitivity, which gives a result in excellent agreement with results from models.

Assuming an iron - rich planet with an internal structure like Earth, modelling results for the first discovered super-Earth (GJ 876 d) indicate the existence of a threshold in planetary diameter above which a super-Earth «most certainly» has a high water content (an «ocean planet» or «water world,» where thick layers of water and pressurized ice surround a rocky mantle and core); this threshold was found to be around 24,000 kilometers (or nearly 15,000 miles) in the particular case of GJ 876 d (Valencia et al, 2007).

Essentially a sharpened pipe rotating on a long, loose cable, the drill pulled up cores of ice from which Alley and others would glean climate information.

Rapper - turned - actor Ice Cube ably provides the emotional core in this story of a neighborhood barbershop and its assortment of colorful inhabitants, which is a cut above standard hip - hop cinematic fare.