While ice thickness is difficult to measure using satellites, a variety of data sources and estimates indicate that the Arctic
ice cover remains thin.
Less than 10 percent of the original
ice cover remains atop Mount Kenya.
Following the record warm Arctic winter, the lowest sea ice extent at the seasonal maximum in the satellite era, and the lowest ice extent in the months of May and June; the current sea
ice cover remains below normal (see Figures 6a and 6b).
However, this year's
ice cover remains far below the 1981 - 2010 average, indicating an ongoing, long - term decline of ice because of warming temperatures, according to scientists.
Not exact matches
(The right consistency to
cover or «flood» sugar cookies is when you lift the beater, the ribbon of
icing that falls back into the bowl
remains on the surface for a few seconds before disappearing.
To
cover or «flood» the entire surface of the cookie with
icing, the proper consistency is when you lift the beater, the ribbon of
icing that falls back into the bowl
remains on the surface of the
icing for a few seconds before disappearing.
To
cover the entire surface of the cookie with
icing, the proper consistency is when you lift the beater, the ribbon of
icing that falls back into the bowl
remains on the surface of the
icing for a few seconds before disappearing.
Over the past forty years, the
ice cover in summer has shrunk by more than half, with climate model simulations predicting that the
remaining half might be gone by mid-century unless greenhouse gas emissions are reduced rapidly.
After a week of rumbling, Iceland's Bárðarbunga volcano began erupting yesterday, say scientists at the Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO) in Reykjavik — although the eruption
remained entirely under the thick
ice covering the volcano.
Over 25 years, the proportion of the ocean
covered by
ice at least four years old has dwindled from 26 % to 7 %, while the
remaining ice is mainly thin, the product of one winter.
It is difficult to obtain fossil data from the 10 % of Earth's terrestrial surface that is
covered by thick glaciers and
ice sheets, and hence, knowledge of the paleoenvironments of these regions has
remained limited.
Joseph Kirschvink of the California Institute of Technology
remains convinced that
ice covered tropical continents in the late Precambrian.
In the autumn adult krill migrate from offshore and continental shelf areas to inshore habitats where they
remain through winter under the protective
cover of sea
ice [4].
Then layer the faux
ice - cream on half of the squares and
cover the cream filling with the
remaining square tops.
Cover the
ice cream with the
remaining frosted flake mixture.
The upside is that the car is well - suited to crappy,
ice -
covered roads, even if the adaptable suspension
remains relatively harsh even in «comfort» model.
John, who works at a major US museum, will
remain anonymous to protect him from the jealous rage this picture will incite across the snow - and
ice -
covered East Coast.
As expected, the Arctic Ocean
remains ice - free for several months, and significant sea -
ice cover does not develop before November.
He notes that the sat photos show that cloud
cover remains low and that the
ice is very mobile at a time when the pack should be most firm (not really a surprise since ocean temps are much more important than air temps, and apparently it's the ocean temps that have been the largest factor in the recent sharp sea
ice reduction).
«Only five large
ice shelves
remain in Arctic Canada,
covering less than a tenth of the area than they did a century ago.»
East Antarctic
ice sheet: Abrupt (geologic, but still shortish), absolutely catastrophic (even over centuries; 70 meters
covers an awful lot of arable land and infrastructure, and there's no guarantee that the
remaining dry land will be an Eden).
If this
ice remains in the Arctic through the winter, it will thicken, which gives some hope of stabilizing the
ice cover over the next few years.
Unlike the formerly - glaciated regions of the Northern Hemisphere, 98 % of Antarctic bedrock
remains covered by
ice and the
ice sheet edge is fringed by extensive
ice shelves; this hampers the collection of data on
ice history and introduces substantial uncertainty in reconstructions.
Given the evidence and
remaining uncertainties, there is very high confidence in this key message, except high confidence for lake levels changing, and high confidence that declines in
ice cover will continue to lengthen the commercial navigation season.
The range of ocean
remaining frozen over the northern polar region reached its minimum extent for 2009 on September 12, when it
covered 1.97 million square miles (5.1 million square km), and now appears to be growing again as the Arctic starts its annual cool - down, the National Snow and
Ice Data Center reported.
Just like Wadham's «the entire
remaining summer Arctic
ice cover may collapse in the near future.»
The only comprehensive study of the Antarctic
Ice Sheet mass was a 10 + year study based on continuous 24/365 satellite measurements over the period 1993 to 2003,
covering 80 % of the AIS with estimates from other methods for the
remaining 20 %, which can not be measured by satellites (coastal areas and polar regions).
These data show that in addition to the well - documented loss of perennial
ice cover as a whole, the amount of oldest and thickest
ice within the
remaining multiyear
ice pack has declined significantly.
A long - lived paradigm in polar oceanography is that arctic pelagic ecosystems, characterized by short food webs,
remain in a dormant state throughout most of the winter season beneath the sea -
ice cover, which can last 8 — 10 months in some regions.
The first considered that the food web
remained dormant for the largest portion of the winter under the
ice cover.
Challenges also
remain for altimeter measurements poleward of the 66 ° turning latitude of the reference missions and in regions
covered by sea
ice.»
Because the incoming and the outgoing flows, warm and cold respectively, lie side ‐ by ‐ side between Greenland and Scandinavia, an asymmetry is induced in the distribution of
ice -
cover on the Arctic Ocean; this is generally dense to the west of Fram Strait while, to the east of Spitzbergen, much of the Barents Sea — at similar latitudes —
remains ice ‐ free even in winter due the eastward flow of warm Atlantic water.
Daniel Cressey; cross-posted from The Great Beyond The
ice sheet
covering east Antarctica may have been melting since 2006, according to new research, contradicting previous suggestions that it has
remained stable or even grown in mass.
For example, it
remains unclear how the contraction of
ice cover would affect the migration routes of animals (such as whales) that follow the
ice front.
In 1974 a large polinya (about the size of the UK) was detected near the Weddell Sea, a vast bay between 60 - 40 W which normally
remains largely
ice -
covered year - round.
In this case, the Earth becomes largely
covered with
ice, but open water
remains near the equator.
But this land area within the 81 north «cap» (like that of central Ellesmere Island),
remains ice covered and does not change the analysis by more than 2 %.
«This means an inevitable death for the
ice cover, because the summer retreat is now accelerated by the fact that the huge areas of open water already generated allow storms to generate big waves which break up the
remaining ice and accelerate its melt,» Wadhams said.
For instance, over a period of time, if I observe, perhaps, that temperatures are falling,
ice cover is increasing over the poles and / or that sea levels either
remain static or drop.
To date, the Northwest Passage has been predicted to
remain closed even during reduced
ice cover by multi-year
ice pack — sea
ice that survives one or more summers.
«Over the past forty years, the
ice cover in summer has shrunk by more than half, with climate model simulations predicting that the
remaining half might be gone by mid-century unless greenhouse gas emissions are reduced rapidly.»
With such a small habitat
remaining — which WWF estimates will
cover less than 500,000 square miles — the few
remaining polar bears in the Last
Ice Area will be in close competition with each other for hunting grounds.
Updated information on
ice extent (Figure 3) shows that
ice cover in July
remained below the climatological extent with the exception of the southern Greenland Sea.
Paul Bierman, a geomorphologist and geochemist at the University of Vermont, US, and colleagues say their finding can not confirm whether a remnant of
ice covered only the eastern side of the island, or whether the entire island
remained sheathed in
ice.
Use the
remaining icing to
cover the sides of the cake.