Sentences with phrase «ice covered the earth»

The melted ice covered the earth with water, as told in Genesis, and a transformation began, possibly millions of years later.

Maybe because I don't understand it, but it seems God - like to find oxygen istopes in the deep ocean and deduce a 3 - d model of the ice covered earth at the LGM.

Not exact matches

It's estimated that roughly 99 percent of Earth's land ice is stored in the ice sheets that cover Antarctica and Greenland, so their health is something scientists — and the world — can no longer ignore.

Much of our earth is covered by salt water, desert and ice.

The thick covering of ice and water might mess up some of the geological processes that, at least on Earth, help regulate the planet's temperature over long periods of time.

He set out to explore whether a layer of ice covering early Earth's oceans might have gathered and assembled organic molecules.

So as soon as the hail of asteroids stopped, Earth may have cooled to an average surface temperature of — 40 °F and a crust of ice as much as 1,000 feet thick may have covered the oceans.

If the planet is covered by an immense amount of water, the pressure at the bottom of the ocean will increase to such an extent that water occurs in the form of «Ice VII,» which does not exist on Earth.

Many believe something like this happened 570 million years ago, when our planet may have been completely covered in ice — Snowball Earth, it's called.

Though all subglacial lakes are good analogues for life beyond Earth, the hypersaline nature of the Devon lakes makes them particularly tantalizing analogues for ice - covered moons in our solar system.

Steve: And another factor you mention in the article is 30 percent of the land on the Earth that isn't covered with ice is used for grazing livestock and growing animal feed.

About 85 percent of Earth's ice - free lands is covered by vegetation.

The area covered by all the green leaves on Earth is equal to, on average, 32 percent of Earth's total surface area — oceans, lands and permanent ice sheets combined.

The sediment cores used in this study cover a period when the planet went through many climate cycles driven by variations in Earth's orbit, from extreme glacial periods such as the Last Glacial Maximum about 20,000 years ago, when massive ice sheets covered the northern parts of Europe and North America, to relatively warm interglacial periods with climates more like today's.

It is difficult to obtain fossil data from the 10 % of Earth's terrestrial surface that is covered by thick glaciers and ice sheets, and hence, knowledge of the paleoenvironments of these regions has remained limited.

On a clear day, anyone flying over Greenland on the route between North America and Europe can look down and see the bright blue patches of melted water atop the flat, blindingly white expanse of the ice sheet that covers the island, the second largest chunk of ice on Earth.

«Because these plants are photosynthetic, it's not surprising to find that as the amount of sea ice cover declined, the amount of [photosynthesis] increased,» says biological oceanographer Kevin Arrigo of Stanford University's School of Earth Sciences, who led an effort to use the MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) devices on NASA's Terra and Aqua satellites to determine changes in phytoplankton growth.

Europa's smooth, billiard - ball - like surface was covered with cracks, a landscape that eerily resembled Earth's Arctic ice in winter.

One of the last major unexplored geological features on Earth, the ridge has slowly lost the ice sheet covering it thanks to global warming, opening the sea to exploration — and offshore mining and drilling.

After an extreme ice age known as snowball Earth, in which glaciers extended to the tropics and ice up to a kilometre thick covered the oceans, the melted ice formed a thick freshwater layer that floated on the super-salty oceans.

Earth has two ice sheets — one in the Arctic, covering Greenland, and one sitting on Antarctica.

Around 720 - 640 million years ago, much of the Earth's surface was covered in ice during a glaciation that lasted millions of years.

Before the Cambrian, over 600 million years ago, Earth was virtually covered in ice.

There is evidence that Earth has gone through at least one globally frozen, «snowball» state in the last billion years, which it is thought to have exited after several million years because global ice - cover shut off the carbonate - silicate cycle, thereby allowing greenhouse gases to build up to sufficient concentration to melt the ice.

One of the extreme events, which has mystified scientists for long, took place 717 million years ago and is called «snowball Earth» — the largest glaciation event in history during which the planet was covered almost entirely in ice.

Natural factors contributing to past climate change are well documented and include changes in atmospheric chemistry, ocean circulation patterns, solar radiation intensity, snow and ice cover, Earth's orbital cycle around the sun, continental position, and volcanic eruptions.

About 717 million years ago, the whole Earth was covered in ice glaciers, and we are not sure what caused it.

A number of recent studies linking changes in the North Atlantic ocean circulation to sea ice extent led Yeager to think that it would also be possible to make decadal predictions for Arctic winter sea ice cover using the NCAR - based Community Earth System Model...

For example, the agency is partnering with the Indian Space Research Organization to develop the NASA ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR) mission that will routinely provide systematic observations of Earth's land and ice - covered surfaces at least twice every 12 days, enabling greater scientific understanding of the dynamic processes that drive the Earth system and natural hazards, as well as providing actionable support for disaster response and recovery.

And a «lot of water» here means hundreds or thousands of Earth oceans's worth of water, completely covering the silicate mantle of the planets, most likely in hundreds of km - thick high - pressure water ice layers, below thick liquid oceans or high - pressure steam atmospheres.

The space agency is launching these missions at a time when decades of observations from the ground, air, and space have revealed signs of change in Earth's ice sheets, sea ice, glaciers, snow cover and permafrost.

While it is often occurring in remote regions, ongoing change with the cryosphere has impacts on people all around the world: sea level rise affects coastlines globally, billions of people rely on water from snowpack, and the diminishing sea ice that covers the Arctic Ocean plays a significant role in Earth's climate and weather patterns.

For instance, team member Linda Sohl used the GISS 3D model to see whether Earth circa 715 million years ago, with less carbon dioxide in the air, would be fully or partially covered in ice.

This expected large sea - level rise does of course not surprise us paleoclimatologists, given that in earlier warm periods of Earth's history sea level has been many meters higher than now due to the diminished continental ice cover (see the recent review by Dutton et al. 2015 in Science).

Surface radiative energy budget plays an important role in the Arctic, which is covered by snow and ice: when the balance is positive, more solar radiation from the Sun and the Earth's atmosphere arrives on the Earth's surface than is emitted from it.

Some two billion years ago, all of Earth may well have been covered in snow and ice.

The study, led by researchers at The University of Texas at Austin Jackson School of Geosciences, addresses why the Earth has fluctuated from periods when the planet was covered in ice to times when even the polar regions were ice - free.

Model studies for climate change between the Holocene and the Pliocene, when Earth was about 3 °C warmer, find that slow feedbacks due to changes of ice sheets and vegetation cover amplified the fast feedback climate response by 30 — 50 % [216].

In the future, the polar ice caps have melted, covering the Earth with water.

Hart (1978) gives the following rough relation for the fraction of Earth's surface covered by ice, going from satellite data available at the time:

If this is so, let me ask this simple question: what is the more dominant contributor to the earth's albedo, the 60 - 70 % cloud cover or the various areas of snow / ice?

What about the feedbacks that are not normally well represented by ECS and normally fall into the Earth System Climate Sensitivity, stuff like the Arctic Ice cover, which now has trends over decades closer to what was seen on centuries in paleoclimate:

In the 500 million years since oxygen became plentiful in the atmosphere it has been hotter and colder (according to some ice once covered the entire earth).

Less snow / ice cover can lead to colder winter temps; the Dry Valleys of Antarctic are among the coldest places on Earth.

Regarding the recent topics on DOT Earth about the Arctic sea ice cover and climate: Andy Revkin thought many people might be interested in following some of what is going on up north in a near real time.

You also are clearly ignorant of the evidence for Neoproterozoic and Paleoproterozic «Snowball Earth» episodes, which not only involve near - global ice cover, but also would be followed by extremely hot postglacial climates with temperatures of 40 - 50C — not yet observed, but not yet ruled out by any geological deposits by any means.

Is the increased forcing from heat absorbed in the Arctic from the drop in snow cover and Arctic Sea Ice included in the Charney sensitivity or is it part of the larger Earth System Sensitivity?

Well, sonny, when I was a kid there were these giant blocks of ice that covered the north and south ends of the earth...

And as that permanent ice cap grew it would cover an increasingly larger area and reflect an increasing amount of incoming sunlight back to space (less energy in), causing earth as a whole to cool.

«Higher northern latitudes are getting warmer, Arctic sea ice and the duration of snow cover are diminishing, the growing season is getting longer and plants are growing more,» said Ranga Myneni of Boston University's Department of Earth and Environment.