Sentences with phrase «ice distribution from»

The animation below of the sea ice concentration chart from Cryosphere Today shows changes in ice distribution from 31 December 2010 to 22 March 2011 in 5 day steps.

Not exact matches

Volk: From what it is today, and yet it was massively different with ice sheets where you and I are talking right now; in New York City would have been covered with an ice sheet that was taller than the Empire State Building, that would have been right here, you know, over 20,000 years ago, and the distribution of trees and all kinds of organisms, these distributions were very different from what they are toFrom what it is today, and yet it was massively different with ice sheets where you and I are talking right now; in New York City would have been covered with an ice sheet that was taller than the Empire State Building, that would have been right here, you know, over 20,000 years ago, and the distribution of trees and all kinds of organisms, these distributions were very different from what they are tofrom what they are today.

For example, the ice ages during the last several million years — and the warmer periods in between — appear to have been triggered by no more than a different seasonal and latitudinal distribution of the solar energy absorbed by the Earth, not by a change in output from the sun.

The pair then went over alternative explanations for the distribution pattern, such as erosion by wind or burial under material flowing from ice volcanoes.

First, we expect the ice thickness distribution in April 30 from redistribution (divergence / convergence) of sea ice during December and April, based on the daily ice velocity data.

You can get horizontal pressure gradients from uneven distributions of molecular nitrogen (N2) ice, and you can get horizontal temperature gradients from uneven heating from the sun.

The main feedbacks between climate and the ice sheet arise from changes in ice elevation, atmospheric and ocean circulation, and sea - ice distribution.

Shane Byrne et al., «Distribution of Mid-Latitude Ground Ice on Mars from New Impact Craters,» Science, Vol.

Filmmaker alum Andrew Okpeaha MacLean has received many avenues of support from the Institute from Labs and grants to three Festival premieres including his first feature On the Ice, but he too found himself uncertain about the distribution of his film.

The final of six episodes in the season, The Ice Dragon will be available starting Tuesday, November 17th on PC / Mac from the Telltale Online Store, Steam, and other digital distribution services, the PlayStation Network for PlayStation 4 and PlayStation 3, the Xbox Games Store for Xbox One and Xbox 360 video game and entertainment system from Microsoft, and on compatible iOS and Android - based devices.

More than likely, the isotopic signal (the distribution of 13C - depleted carbon that invaded the atmosphere) indicates that carbon should have been «mined» from the Southern ocean as a result of the displacement of southern winds, sea ice, and perturbations to the ocean's biological pump (e.g., Anderson et al., 2009).

Very stormy background due to chaotic distribution of cold and hot regions (icebergs from disintegrated ice sheets, and high levels of atmospheric CO2), due to global deglaciation.

The bottom line is that uncertainties in the physics of aerosol effects (warming from black carbon, cooling from sulphates and nitrates, indirect effects on clouds, indirect effects on snow and ice albedo) and in the historical distributions, are really large (as acknowledged above).

The model variables that are evaluated against all sorts of observations and measurements range from solar radiation and precipitation rates, air and sea surface temperatures, cloud properties and distributions, winds, river runoff, ocean currents, ice cover, albedos, even the maximum soil depth reached by plant roots (seriously!).

Changes in SST distribution is what one gets from starting / stopping North Atlantic Current components in Labrador and Greenland Seas, capping with sea ice, etc. 4.

Nares Strait Recent ice advection patterns; warm water advances into the Arctic from the Atlantic; ice distribution patterns: all of these things show that conditions continue to be advantageous for export of ice through Fram Strait.

In the Arctic, the tipping points identified in the new report, published on Friday, include: growth in vegetation on tundra, which replaces reflective snow and ice with darker vegetation, thus absorbing more heat; higher releases of methane, a potent greenhouse gas, from the tundra as it warms; shifts in snow distribution that warm the ocean, resulting in altered climate patterns as far away as Asia, where the monsoon could be effected; and the collapse of some key Arctic fisheries, with knock - on effects on ocean ecosystems around the globe.»

Jackson, R.C., G.M. McFarquhar, A. Fridlind, and R. Atlas, 2015: The dependence of cirrus gamma size distributions expressed as volumes in N0 - λ - μ phase space and bulk cloud properties on environmental conditions: Results from Small Ice Particles in Cirrus Experiment (SPARTICUS).

Pachauri outlined the potential for major changes to the climate system, which could overwhelm human response strategies - breakdown of the thermohaline circulation, disintegration of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, a shift in mean climate towards an El Nino - like state, reduced carbon sink capacity, methane release from hydrates, and a rearrangement of biome distributions.

The environmental changes brought on by ocean acidification could pose a significant threat to Arctic ecosystems that are already facing challenges from changes in sea ice distribution, warming and increased freshwater discharge.

«Using a GCM, can we regenerate the land temperature record from the ocean record using observed SSTs and sea ice distribution as a boundary condition?

This model could be used as a starting point in the development of a GCM parameterization of a the ice mixing - ratio probability distribution function and cloud amount, if a means of diagnosing the depth of the saturated layer and the standard deviation of cloud depth from basic large - scale meterological parameters could be determined.

Rigor et al. (Polar Science Center, University of Washington); 5.4 Million Square Kilometers; Heuristic This estimate is based on the prior winter Arctic Oscillation (AO) conditions, and the spatial distribution of the sea ice of different ages as estimated from a Drift - age Model (DM), which combines buoy drift and retrievals of sea ice drift from satellites (Rigor and Wallace, 2004, updated).

We are using the same approach as last year: applying the survival fraction of ice of different ages determined from past seasons to the observed distribution of ice ages at the beginning of the melt season.

The mean estimates for the 2010 September Sea Ice Outlook based on May, June, and July data were close to the observed value with a rather small quartile distribution (as a measure of deviation from the mean).

This also helps explain differences in ice type distributions obtained from radar - and passive microwave - derived MY ice extents.

It is unfortunate that maps of multi-year sea ice distribution for 2010 derived from QuikSCAT (provided by Nghiem) are no longer available to compare with sea ice age calculations, as in previous years.

Xiao, X., Fahl, K., Müller, J. & Stein, R. Sea - ice distribution in the modern Arctic Ocean: biomarker records from Trans - Arctic Ocean surface sediments.

The ensemble consists of seven members each of which uses a unique set of NCEP / NCAR atmospheric forcing fields from recent years, representing recent climate, such that ensemble member 1 uses 2005 NCEP / NCAR forcing, member 2 uses 2006 forcing..., and member 7 uses 2011 forcing... In addition, the recently available IceBridge and helicopter - based electromagnetic (HEM) ice thickness quicklook data are assimilated into the initial 12 - category sea ice thickness distribution fields in order to improve the initial conditions for the predictions.

Both these years differ strongly from the summer ice distribution of the 1980s or even the previous record minimum in 2005.

While the winter / spring 2008 sea - ice extent has rebounded from the 2007 negative mega-anomaly, the age - class distribution at present is negatively skewed compared to satellite climatology and even the values for 2007, as is ice concentration within the ice - ocean margin that defines extent.

Here, thickness data, which are sorely lacking but available in a few locations as the result of International Polar Year efforts and from satellite - derived estimates of ice age or type, constrain modeled thickness distributions.

Here, considerable value can be derived from ship - based observations, aerial overflights, and drifting (mass - balance) buoys that provide a more accurate picture of the distribution of different ice types.

Indeed, the long lifetime of fossil fuel carbon in the climate system and persistence of the ocean warming ensure that «slow» feedbacks, such as ice sheet disintegration, changes of the global vegetation distribution, melting of permafrost, and possible release of methane from methane hydrates on continental shelves, would also have time to come into play.

The impacts from a changing climate also loom, from potentially shifting the abundance and distribution of essential prey species to melting previously ice - locked polar waters that will expose whales to even more human activity.

The distributions of Outlooks from fully - coupled and ice - ocean only models are roughly the same.

In the Beaufort and Chukchi seas, ice distribution mimicks the Beaufort Gyre circulation pattern with advection of ice from the high Canadian Arctic into the Beaufort Sea and export of ice northward in the Chukchi Sea.

Figure 2: Ice number size distributions as simulated (dendrites in red, aggregates in blue, total average in yellow) and observed (black and green, from different instrument combinations) within cloud (left) and below cloud (right).

Radar reflectivity and reflectivity - weighted Doppler velocity calculated from measured ice size distributions also shown (dotted lines).

AFAIK, temperature is determined from the isotope distribution in the condensate (aka ice).

Obtained recovery of over $ 1,000,000 on behalf of an ice cream manufacturer in a breach of contract action arising from a dispute involving a distribution agreement.