Indeed, satellite gravity data and radar altimetry reveal that the Totten Glacier of East Antarctica, which fronts a large
ice mass grounded below sea level, is now losing mass [90].
Not exact matches
Scientists had previously considered the region's
ground ice to be in equilibrium, meaning its seasonal melting and refreezing did not, over time, diminish the valley's overall
mass of
ground ice.
The East Antarctic
Ice Sheet is the only ice sheet likely to gain in mass, but even this ice sheet has the potential to rapidly lose ice volume around its marine - grounded secto
Ice Sheet is the only
ice sheet likely to gain in mass, but even this ice sheet has the potential to rapidly lose ice volume around its marine - grounded secto
ice sheet likely to gain in
mass, but even this
ice sheet has the potential to rapidly lose ice volume around its marine - grounded secto
ice sheet has the potential to rapidly lose
ice volume around its marine - grounded secto
ice volume around its marine -
grounded sectors.
A large contribution from the Greenland
Ice Sheet is unlikely, as it is mostly grounded above sea level and so mass loss from calving ice bergs is limit
Ice Sheet is unlikely, as it is mostly
grounded above sea level and so
mass loss from calving
ice bergs is limit
ice bergs is limited.
Among the earliest works is Breathing (1996), for which Song lay on the stone pavement of Tianenmen Square and used his own breath to create a pad of
ice on freezing
ground, allowing himself to make a fleeting personal impact on a site that is a symbol for power of the
masses.
Until that moment, the buoyancy of that section (i.e. whether or not it has enough
ice mass above sea level to remain
grounded if exposed to the sea) has been irrelevant.
As so much of the GIS is
grounded below sea - level, it seems to me that the key to any possible catastrophic
mass loss is the Jacobshavn effect: the ungrounding of the marine front as the
ice thins and becomes buoyant.
We quantify sea - level commitment in the baseline case by building on Levermann et al. (10), who used physical simulations to model the SLR within a 2,000 - y envelope as the sum of the contributions of (i) ocean thermal expansion, based on six coupled climate models; (ii) mountain glacier and
ice cap melting, based on surface
mass balance and simplified
ice dynamic models; (iii) Greenland
ice sheet decay, based on a coupled regional climate model and
ice sheet dynamic model; and (iv) Antarctic
ice sheet decay, based on a continental - scale model parameterizing
grounding line
ice flux in relation to temperature.
(
Ice sheet mass balance (MB) is the difference between surface mass balance (SMB) and solid ice discharge across the grounding line (D
Ice sheet
mass balance (MB) is the difference between surface
mass balance (SMB) and solid
ice discharge across the grounding line (D
ice discharge across the
grounding line (D).)
icing a sheet - like
mass of layered
ice formed by the freezing of water as it emerges from the
ground or through fractures in river or lake
ice
Another consideration is that
ice in shallow depressions may not move while the
mass above
grinds past.
The key factor w / r / t sea - level rise is
grounded ice mass balance, especially in the world's two (or three, depending on how you count) remaining large
ice sheets: Greenland and Antarctica.
A smaller
mass of
ice on a steep slope would continue to
grind its way through the mountains but eventually disappears.
There has been no reduction in the surface area of
grounded ice in the Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheets, although the mass appears to have declined recently, at least in Greenland, if we can believe the GRACE results, which show more mass loss than earlier satellite altimetry measurements by Johannessen / Zwally (GRL) and Davis / Wingham (Antarctica), which showed net growth over the period 1993 - 20
ice in the Greenland and Antarctic
Ice Sheets, although the mass appears to have declined recently, at least in Greenland, if we can believe the GRACE results, which show more mass loss than earlier satellite altimetry measurements by Johannessen / Zwally (GRL) and Davis / Wingham (Antarctica), which showed net growth over the period 1993 - 20
Ice Sheets, although the
mass appears to have declined recently, at least in Greenland, if we can believe the GRACE results, which show more
mass loss than earlier satellite altimetry measurements by Johannessen / Zwally (GRL) and Davis / Wingham (Antarctica), which showed net growth over the period 1993 - 2003.
During an interval when sea level is forced upward from a major low stand by a Milankovitch response acting either alone or in combination with an internally driven, higher - frequency process,
ice sheets
grounded on continental shelves become unstable,
mass wasting accelerates, and the resulting deglaciation sets the phase of one wave in the train of 100,000 - year oscillations.