Using its three main science instruments, Odyssey has mapped the global distribution of many minerals and chemical elements across the Martian surface, found evidence of large amounts of buried water
ice near the planet's poles and measured the radiation environment in low Mars orbit, which could help NASA plan out future manned missions to the Red Planet.
Not exact matches
Most RSLs are located
near the
planet's equator, and any
ice in those locations would have melted long ago.
As the probe drew
nearer to its home
planet, just a sliver of Earth was visible, but the flyby nonetheless revealed striking detail — a swirl of clouds above Antarctica is discernible, as is highly reflective
ice near the South Pole.
Three years ago, the astronomical community was stunned by the apparent discovery of
ice on Mercury, the
planet nearest to the Sun.
The Phoenix Mars Lander, which touched down
near the
planet's north pole, was designed to look only for
ice frozen into the Martian soil.
Multiple observations indicate that the flowing water responsible for shaping and moving the rounded pebbles encountered in the vicinity of the rover landing area has long since been lost to space, though some of it may still exist deep below the surface of the
planet at equatorial locations (water
ice is known to exist
near the surface at the poles).
As MGS skimmed the
planet from pole to pole, it tracked changes in carbon dioxide
ice deposits
near the south pole of Mars.
The team was especially interested in regions
near the north and south poles, because the polar
ice caps are the
planet's largest known reservoir of water.
Currently, the
planet is barren and below freezing, with much of its water seen
near the surface as
ice.
These fluctuations can give us an
ice -
planet at one moment and a hothouse Earth the next, but they are altogether inconsistent with a loop gain anywhere
near as close to the singularity as modellers» estimates imply.
We are in Denver on a sunny, late September afternoon, but here at the National
Ice Core Laboratory the main collections room is kept perpetually frigid, the better to store 14,500 precious cylindrical cores drilled from glaciers
near the
planet's poles.
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The chances of our
planet being headed into a new
ice age anytime in the
near future is slim to none.
And yet our
planet has gone through several frozen periods, in which a runaway climate effect led to global, or
near global,
ice cover.
The report, known as AR5, finds with
near certainty that greenhouse gas emissions are warming the
planet and that climate impacts are accelerating — including greater sea
ice melt, sea level rise, and dangerous ocean and surface level warming.
Rather, in addition to massive
ice sheets covering the continents, parts of the
planet (especially ocean areas
near the Equator) could have been draped only by a thin, watery layer of
ice amid areas of open sea.
But as that
ice recedes, and likely disappears in the
near future (the first truly
ice - free day is due any summer now), it opens up a new region of the
planet to exploitation and conflict.