Sentences with phrase «ice particles from»

For example, Cassini discovered that the Saturn satellite Enceladus is a mini-world of active jets — geyser - like phenomena that blast out water vapor and ice particles from the huge, salty ocean that lies beneath the moon's icy crust.

Not exact matches

Says Jordan, «We used the CRaTER measurements to get a handle on how much molecular hydrogen has been formed from the water ice via charged particles.»

Charged particles, or ions, of magnesium from the cosmic dust can trigger the formation of tiny ice crystals that help form clouds, a new analysis of Mars» atmosphere suggests.

They have explained how energetic particles penetrating lunar soil can create molecular hydrogen from water ice.

Professor Brilliantov from the University of Leicester's Department of Mathematics explained: «Saturn's rings are relatively well studied and it is known that they consist of ice particles ranging in size from centimetres to about ten metres.

This year, Summit's list of long - term visitors includes Brandon Strellis, an environmental engineering graduate student from the Georgia Institute of Technology studying how aerosols influence how much energy is reflected and absorbed by Greenland's ice — and where those particles are coming from.

He collected snow from mountains around the world and repeated Vali's frozen - drop experiment to look for invisible particles that spawned ice.

The particles of rock and ice in these belts vary in size from the tiniest dust grain, smaller than a millimetre across, up to asteroid - like bodies many kilometres in diameter [2].

The reaction rate between atmospheric hydrogen chloride (HCl) and chlorine nitrate (ClONO2) is greatly enhanced in the presence of ice particles; HCl dissolves readily into ice, and the collisional reaction probability for ClONO2 on the surface of ice with HCl in the mole fraction range from ∼ 0.003 to 0.010 is in the range from ∼ 0.05 to 0.1 for temperatures near 200 K. Chlorine (Cl2) is released into the gas phase on a time scale of at most a few milliseconds, whereas nitric acid (HNO3), the other product, remains in the condensed phase.

But that year she teamed up with Paul DeMott, a cloud physicist from Colorado State University, to see if they could use the machine to identify the particles that form ice in clouds.

DeMott amassed a library of 100,000 ice - forming particles collected from these flights.

Unlike Saturn's bright rings, which are made almost entirely of ice particles, Mars's rocky ring will be dark and largely invisible from Earth, although the cloud of orbiting Phobos bits will at first be dense enough to cast a shadow on the Red Planet's surface during some parts of the planet's orbit around the sun, the researchers say.

When high - energy ultraviolet light from the central star strikes a clump of dust and ice grains, it drives electrons off the particles.

Although no one is sure what triggers their formation, one theory is that cosmic dust, or debris from burned - up meteors, seed the ice particles, which is plausible because meteors typically are incinerated in the upper mesosphere at about the same altitude where these clouds form.

There, the microscopically small grains of rock from the core are catapulted along with ice particles into space, where they were measured by the instruments on the Cassini space probe,» explained the Heidelberg planetary scientist.

Planetary scientists expect that mixtures of dust and ice turn black after billions of years of irradiation by photons and high - energy particles from the sun, but they don't yet know the details of that composition.

When the glacier starts to retreat, the frontal moraines are no longer protected by the ice, and a sort of «geological chronometer» is triggered, as the rocks begin to accumulate beryllium - 10 and helium - 3 produced by particles resulting from cosmic rays.

YOUTHFUL COMPANIONS Saturn's rings consist of water - ice particles — typically ranging in size from a few inches to many feet — that continually gather into clumps and drift apart again.

Microbial ecologist Brent Christner of Louisiana State University collected fresh snow from across the globe and tested it for biological particles that could induce ice formation.

The phenomenon is similar to the sprays of ice particles found emanating from the saturnian moon Enceladus almost a decade ago.

In particular, none of the hypotheses about their origin explain why individual ring particles, which range in size from hailstones to small boulders, average between 90 % and 95 % ice.

To see how quickly these particles are accumulating in the atmosphere, Carlo Barbante, an environmental chemist at the University of Venice, looked at snowpack and ice cores brought from Greenland.

A year and half ago, physicists working with the massive IceCube particle detector — a 3D array of 5160 light sensors buried kilometers deep in ice at the South Pole — spotted ghostly subatomic particles called neutrinos from beyond our galaxy.

Astrophysicists using a telescope embedded in Antarctic ice have succeeded in a quest to detect and record the mysterious phenomena known as cosmic neutrinos — nearly massless particles that stream to Earth at the speed of light from outside our solar system, striking the surface in a burst of energy that can be as powerful as a baseball pitcher's fastball.

Dubbed IceCube, this novel project built in the Antarctic ice will map cosmic neutrinos, nearly massless particles with no electric charge that stream from such mysterious entities as black holes, dark matter, and exploding stars.

Aeolian deposition is responsible for sorting and transporting lithogenic matter (primarily sand - and clay - sized particles), containing microbial cells from the surrounding desert environments (soils, ephemeral streams, glaciers, etc.) onto the ice covers that range in thickness from 3 to 20 meters.

The disk, which we see edge on, contains rock and ice fragments ranging in size from objects larger than houses to grains as small as smoke particles.

Scientists have buried beads of optical sensors under almost a mile of ice, where it is dark and clear enough to detect the blue light of a neutrino - induced particle shower even from hundreds of feet away.

Urine that it vented also left a residue when tiny particles hit the craft's panels, so Lorenz suggests that future missions to Enceladus could look for signatures of life if similar residue is found in the minuscule dents left on a detector by ice grains from the plumes.

Those may have been from urine ice particles flushed from Endeavour that rained on the spacecraft, an analysis published in 2000 in Advances in Space Research suggested.

Researchers have been fascinated with Enceladus since July 2005, when Cassini revealed plumes of ice particles and water vapour shooting out from the moon's south pole.

Three hours later — just long enough for some of those particles to have decayed into neutrinos — an array of sensors buried in Antarctic ice, called IceCube, saw one of the highest - energy neutrinos ever detected coming from the direction of the galactic centre (Physical Review D, doi.org/v3p).

It also would be far easier to get a water sample from Enceladus, which has plumes of water vapor, ice and particles shooting more than 300 miles off its surface, than from other moons, such as Jupiter's Europa, where a massive ocean is believed to be buried beneath a thick icy crust.

Lightning results from the electrical fields that are created when ice particles in clouds rub together.

These mineral particles likely formed in scalding water bubbling from rock below the moon's ice - capped ocean, new lab studies suggest.

Even today, they may be spewing ice from the moon's icy interior into space, creating a cloud of fine ice particles over the moon's South Pole and creating Saturn's mysterious E-ring.

Smoke from those fires went around the world, but the soot particles falling on ice, especially in Greenland are a big concern.

«It is as though the small ice particles in the D - ring suck up electrons from the ionosphere,» says Jan - Erik Wahlund.

On April 7, 2006, astronomers using the Keck Telescope announced that the outermost ring is bluish from sub-micronsized ice particles reflecting sunlight.

Its compound wicks water from the road and from the top of ice and packed snow, and bite particles embedded in its rubber improve grip.

s freezing from the outside in can break apart (ice expands) multiplying the ice particles.

Jackson, R.C., G.M. McFarquhar, A. Fridlind, and R. Atlas, 2015: The dependence of cirrus gamma size distributions expressed as volumes in N0 - λ - μ phase space and bulk cloud properties on environmental conditions: Results from Small Ice Particles in Cirrus Experiment (SPARTICUS).

Two new features on Nature Reports Climate Change pay homage to the work of scientists who, over the last few decades, have been tireless in their efforts to extract clues about the Earth's past climate from air bubbles, isotopes and dust particles trapped in ice.

Previous studies have found that soot particles from these cookstoves can settle on nearby glaciers, absorbing sunlight and melting the ice — particularly in combination with global warming.

It's a problem for the climate because the black soot particles are just the right color to absorb heat from the sun, either in the upper atmosphere or when it settles back down to earth on Arctic snow and ice (when soot - free, the polar ice caps reflect a tremendous amount of light and heat back into Space, helping keep the planet cool).

Matrosov S. Y., C. G. Schmitt, M. Maahn and G. de Boer (December 2017): Atmospheric Ice Particle Shape Estimates from Polarimetric Radar Measurements and In Situ Observations.

And third, if particles from these brown clouds are deposited on snow and ice, they darken the surface and accelerate melting.