Sentences with phrase «ice particles into»

If I were to dump a billion microscopic ice particles into a tank of hot water (di - hydrogen monoxide), your statistical approach would insist that a few of them may have warmed the water (hydrogen hydroxide), especially using a computer model.

«Lightning is caused by charge separation within clouds, and to maximize charge separation, you have to loft more water vapor and heavy ice particles into the atmosphere,» he said.

There, the microscopically small grains of rock from the core are catapulted along with ice particles into space, where they were measured by the instruments on the Cassini space probe,» explained the Heidelberg planetary scientist.

Not exact matches

The reaction rate between atmospheric hydrogen chloride (HCl) and chlorine nitrate (ClONO2) is greatly enhanced in the presence of ice particles; HCl dissolves readily into ice, and the collisional reaction probability for ClONO2 on the surface of ice with HCl in the mole fraction range from ∼ 0.003 to 0.010 is in the range from ∼ 0.05 to 0.1 for temperatures near 200 K. Chlorine (Cl2) is released into the gas phase on a time scale of at most a few milliseconds, whereas nitric acid (HNO3), the other product, remains in the condensed phase.

As a foundational study, the research team investigated superionic ice treating the ions as if they were classical particles, but in future studies they plan to take quantum effects into account to further understand the properties of the material.

Water droplets and ice crystals in the atmosphere condensed on the infusion of dust particles and settled into pouch - like formations due to wind currents.

Their stickiness makes it hard to get them through an inlet into a measuring device, but these compounds may play a significant role in the formation and alteration of aerosols, tiny airborne particles that can contribute to smog or to the nucleation of raindrops or ice crystals, affecting the Earth's climate.

A major key to what turns ordinary clouds into rainmakers in the first place is their ability to form ice crystals around the microscopic particles that invade and «seed» them, Prather said.

The latest thinking on how lightning occurs is that ice particles within clouds separate into lighter and heavier pieces, and this creates charged regions within the cloud.

They had assumed that atmospheric water vapor had seeped into high - latitude martian soil and frozen between soil particles, forming a half - ice, half - soil mixture.

YOUTHFUL COMPANIONS Saturn's rings consist of water - ice particles — typically ranging in size from a few inches to many feet — that continually gather into clumps and drift apart again.

Once those silver iodide particles make their way into a ripe cloud, they collide with drops of supercooled water and form ice; the ice then falls to the ground, melting along the way.

Basically meteor showers are caused by ice particles left behind by comets, and we run into them.

By absorption of solar heat, these particles, and the microbes they contain, melt into the ice.

To help get their technology into drug companies» hands more quickly, DeSimone and his colleagues have built a device that make different - shaped nanoparticles in bulk using molds that pop out these particles like so many ice cubes.

This indicates that ice particles may be turning into water vapour and condensing on the wall.

Three hours later — just long enough for some of those particles to have decayed into neutrinos — an array of sensors buried in Antarctic ice, called IceCube, saw one of the highest - energy neutrinos ever detected coming from the direction of the galactic centre (Physical Review D, doi.org/v3p).

Jets on the moon's surface send ice particles, water vapor and organic compounds into space.

Scientists suspect that turbulence within a cloud — strong vertical winds — causes the cloud's water droplets, snow, hail and ice particles to smash into each other.

Those collisions knock off ice particles and send them into orbit around Saturn, forming rings.»

Much more interesting are the three distinct types of mineral flow across the landscape, produced by the movement of ice - rich material, landslides or blankets of ejected particles following impact into ice - rich material.

Researchers bury thousands of devices miles deep into the ice at the bottom of the Earth — all in an attempt to catch the universe's most elusive particle.

Airborne particles in the form of naturally occurring dusts and human - produced aerosols can serve as ice nuclei, sites around which water vapor condenses into clouds.

Even today, they may be spewing ice from the moon's icy interior into space, creating a cloud of fine ice particles over the moon's South Pole and creating Saturn's mysterious E-ring.

As this water moves through rocks, it dissolves salt compounds and pushes through fractures in the overlying ice to form reservoirs closer the moon's surface, where it is expelled into space when the outermost layer of the crust cracks open and the resulting depressurization of these reservoirs causes water vapor and ice particles to shoot out in the observed plumes.

Geoengineering proposals fall into at least three broad categories: 1) managing atmospheric greenhouse gases (e.g., ocean fertilization and atmospheric carbon capture and sequestration), 2) cooling the Earth by reflecting sunlight (e.g., putting reflective particles into the atmosphere, putting mirrors in space to reflect the sun's energy, increasing surface reflectivity and altering the amount or characteristics of clouds), and 3) moderating specific impacts of global warming (e.g., efforts to limit sea level rise by increasing land storage of water, protecting ice sheets or artificially enhancing mountain glaciers).

These particles crash into smaller ice particles in the swirling winds inside storm clouds, resulting in a separation of electrical charge.

An example of this kind of surprise happened in relation to the Antarctic ozone hole, where unexpected chemistry on surfaces of ice particles lead to much more efficient destruction of ozone in the polar vortex than had been expected, making an existing concern into a serious problem.

Additionally, volcanoes pump sulfates into the atmosphere, and these tiny particles also end up in the ice cores.

By seeding them with substances like bismuth tri-iodide, which cause water to form into ice particles, the hope is to reduce the water vapour and allow more radiation to escape.

Black carbon, which includes soot and other carbon particles can antagonise warming in the Arctic by covering reflective ice and absorbing additional heat into the ice speeding up its melt.

It's a problem for the climate because the black soot particles are just the right color to absorb heat from the sun, either in the upper atmosphere or when it settles back down to earth on Arctic snow and ice (when soot - free, the polar ice caps reflect a tremendous amount of light and heat back into Space, helping keep the planet cool).

Typical temperature - supersaturation regions can be identified for the «onset» of ice nucleation of these different particle types, but the various particle sizes and activated fractions reported in different studies have to be taken into account when comparing results obtained with different methodologies.