The most worrying changes are happening in Greenland, which lost an average of 375bn tonnes of
ice per year between 2011 and 2014 — almost twice the rate at which it disappeared between 2003 and 2008 (see chart).
Not exact matches
Velicogna and her colleagues also measured a dramatic loss of Greenland
ice, as much as 38 cubic miles
per year between 2002 and 2005 — even more troubling, given that an influx of fresh melt water into the salty North Atlantic could in theory shut off the system of ocean currents that keep Europe relatively warm.
Between 2002 and 2007, satellite measurements showed that
ice from the glacier's grounding line, the spot where it transitions from being on the land to in the sea, thinned at a rate of 1.2 meters to 6 meters
per year.
The study concluded that there was a net loss of
ice between 2002 and 2005, adding 0.4 millimetres
per year to sea levels (see Gravity reveals shrinking Antarctic
ice).
Patrick Crill, an American biogeochemist at Stockholm University, says
ice core data from the past 800,000
years, covering about eight glacial and interglacial cycles, show atmospheric methane concentrations
between 350 and 800 parts
per billion in glacial and interglacial periods, respectively.
Lead author Dr Malcolm McMillan from the University of Leeds said: «We find that
ice losses continue to be most pronounced along the fast - flowing
ice streams of the Amundsen Sea sector, with thinning rates of
between 4 and 8 metres
per year near to the grounding lines of the Pine Island, Thwaites and Smith Glaciers.»
Between 2007 and 2011, the Greenland
Ice Sheet lost about 260 billion tons of ice per year, mostly due to me
Ice Sheet lost about 260 billion tons of
ice per year, mostly due to me
ice per year, mostly due to melt.
In a computer simulation that includes detailed interactions
between wind and sea, thick
ice — more than 6 feet deep — increased by about 1 percent
per year from 1979 to 2010, while the amount of thin
ice stayed fairly constant.
According to the latest report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the Greenland
ice sheet has been contributing
between 0.25 mm and 0.41 mm
per year to global sea levels since 1993.
The total 2000 — 2008 mass loss of ~ 1500 gigatons, equivalent to 0.46 millimeters
per year of global sea level rise, is equally split
between surface processes (runoff and precipitation) and
ice dynamics.
Between April 2002 and April 2006, GRACE data uncovered
ice mass loss in Greenland of 248 ± 36 cubic kilometers
per year, an amount equivalent to a global sea rise of 0.5 ± 0.1 millimeters
per year.
Between 2003 and 2005, the Greenland
Ice Sheet lost 101 ± 16 gigatons
per year, with a gain of 54 gigatons
per year above 2,000, meters and a loss of 155 gigatons
per year at lower elevations.
The new data confirmed that most of the melting happened on
ice - covered Greenland and Antarctica, where enough
ice melted to raise sea levels by 1.06 millimeters (0.042 inches)
per year between January 2003 and December 2010, the study period.
Glaciologists analyzed
ice flow to the ocean from 1991 to 2015 in the Queen Elizabeth Islands, and found that surface melt grew by a whopping 900 percent, or 10 times, in the 10
years between 2005 and 2015, increasing to 30 gigatons
per year by the end of that time.
Simultaneously the best studied Greenland glacier, the Jakobshavn, began retreating from its Little
Ice Age maximum with it fastest observed retreat of 500 meters
per year between 1929 and 1942.
For comparison,
between 2003 and 2010, sea levels rose about 0.05 inches (1.5 mm)
per year because of melting
ice, and an additional 0.06 inches (1.7 mm) because of thermal expansion of the warming waters.
Richard Telford suggests that equilibrium
between local
ice cover and local temperature occurs within several decades because melt rates of 0.5 m
per year have been observed.
Berthier and his co-authors recently reported that Cook
Ice Cap shrank at 2.4 km2 / yr, half a percent
per year,
between 1963 and 2001.
***** GRACE data show that
between 2002 and 2016, Greenland lost approximately 280 gigatons of
ice per year.
Over the past century, the Antarctic has gone from being a vast Terra Incognita to a continent - sized ticking time bomb: according to NASA, Antarctica has lost «approximately 125 gigatons of
ice per year [
between 2002 and 2016], causing global sea level to rise by 0.35 millimeters...
According to the most highly - cited analyses of polar
ice sheet melt and contribution to sea level rise, the Antarctic
ice sheet as a whole changed in mass by -71 gigatonnes (GT)
per year between 1992 and 2011.
Researchers have found that the amount of
ice draining from the large glaciers increased
between the
years 1973 and 2010 by as much as 77
per cent, possibly due to the impact of climate change.
Research based on observations from the NASA / German Aerospace Center's twin Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites indicates that
between 2002 and 2016, Greenland shed approximately 280 gigatons of
ice per year, causing...
By 2003, this glacier — already among the world's fastest - moving — reached speeds of more than 7.8 miles (12.6 kilometers)
per year.2 In just one day —
between July 6 and 7, 2010 — satellite images showed that Jakobshavn Isbrae lost approximately 2.7 square miles (7 square kilometers) of
ice area.6
The results showed that there was a 14
per cent reduction in the volume of summertime Arctic sea
ice between 2010 and 2012 — but the volume of
ice jumped by 41
per cent in 2013, relative to the previous
year, when the summer was five
per cent cooler than the previous
year.
Measurements from Antarctic
ice cores show that before industrial emissions started atmospheric CO2 mole fractions were about 280 parts
per million (ppm), and stayed
between 260 and 280 during the preceding ten thousand
years.