There are hundreds of planets a little bigger than Earth out there, Macintosh said, but there is so far no way to know if most of them are really «super-Earths» or just micro-sized gas and
ice planets like Neptune, or something different altogether.
There are hundreds of planets a little bigger than Earth, but so far no way to know if they are «super-Earths,» or micro-sized gas and
ice planets like Neptune, or something different altogether, he said.
Not exact matches
In the process, they might identify a
planet's surface features — such as oceans, continents,
ice caps and even cloudbanks — and detect the presence of biomarkers
like oxygen, methane and water.
Extremely low temperatures on
planets like Neptune — called
ice giants — mean that chemicals on these distant worlds exist in a frozen state, researchers say.
This liquid -
like ice may enhance the formation of organic compounds including prebiotic molecules and the accretion of dust to form
planets.
«That may not sound
like a lot, but consider the volume of
ice now locked up in the
planet's three greatest
ice sheets,» she writes in a recent issue of Scientific American.
Planets like Mars that orbit further out from the Sun than Earth have their liquid water locked up as
ice.
Many believe something
like this happened 570 million years ago, when our
planet may have been completely covered in
ice — Snowball Earth, it's called.
Fissures and fractures around Tombaugh Regio and other parts of the
planet suggested a subsurface layer of watery slush might be slowly solidifying, breaking up the surface as it expands
like ice cubes in a freezer — but other, drier possibilities could also explain such cracks.
Ice loss caused by climate change is opening up the Arctic, and it looks
like the competition to take advantage has the potential to destroy the region and affect the entire
planet.
Ceres is a dwarf
planet, and
like its more famous cousin in the outer solar system, Pluto, Ceres harbors a lot of
ice.
He hypothesizes that the spheres are examples of the fundamental units of
ice and dust that were sintered together in the infant solar system to form asteroids,
planets and comets
like 67P.
During this time, when dinosaurs roamed the almost subtropical forests of an
ice - free Antarctic, conditions on the other side of the
planet were even more remarkable: the Arctic Ocean was a gigantic freshwater lake infested with crocodile -
like reptiles.
Although Pluto was stripped of its status as a
planet, an
ice cap is a surprisingly Earth -
like property.
The sediment cores used in this study cover a period when the
planet went through many climate cycles driven by variations in Earth's orbit, from extreme glacial periods such as the Last Glacial Maximum about 20,000 years ago, when massive
ice sheets covered the northern parts of Europe and North America, to relatively warm interglacial periods with climates more
like today's.
«Astronomers spot faraway Uranus -
like planet: First «
ice giant»
planet found in another solar system.»
This red dwarf pulls on the 55 Cancri system, and because all five
planets in the system — and their host star — are such a tight - knit family, they behave
like ice skaters holding hands, so that the companion star's tugs cause them all to do somersaults in space.
Like Jupiter's Great Red Spot (GRS), the storm swirls in an anti-cyclonic direction and is dredging up material from deep inside the
ice giant
planet's atmosphere.
The challenge of these facilities is to image
planets even closer to their stars than those at the
ice line, which includes Earth -
like rocky
planets.
NASA has recently shared an image of what could be halo -
like craters in the dwarf
planet, which may be caused by methane
ice presence in their walls and rims.
Astronomers have discovered direct evidence of water on the dwarf
planet Ceres in the form of vapor plumes erupting into space, possibly from volcano -
like ice geysers on its surface.
While many people think it's pretty cool to see images of features
like ice mountains on the most mysterious
planet (even if it is a dwarf) in our solar system, imagine the excitement of the scientists that have made a career of studying Pluto having never seen it; or the engineers that built and programmed the craft, the instruments, and the flight path that had New Horizons travel the length of our solar system for nearly a decade.
And since
ice planets are of some considerable interest to astronomers because they shine so bright, this additional analysis (and others
like it) could be quite useful in the years ahead.
HDST would also provide detailed data on the interaction of each of the outer
planets with the solar wind and give planetary scientists the ability to search for remote, hidden members of our solar system ranging in size from dwarf
planets to
ice giants
like Neptune.
Assuming an iron - rich
planet with an internal structure
like Earth, modelling results for the first discovered super-Earth (GJ 876 d) indicate the existence of a threshold in planetary diameter above which a super-Earth «most certainly» has a high water content (an «ocean
planet» or «water world,» where thick layers of water and pressurized
ice surround a rocky mantle and core); this threshold was found to be around 24,000 kilometers (or nearly 15,000 miles) in the particular case of GJ 876 d (Valencia et al, 2007).
Here's the full list of 142 films that featured on our contributors» ballots: (Disclaimer: Luc Besson's Lucy didn't get a single vote - I just
like this image of Scarlett sorting through stuff) 71 1001 Grams 12 Years a Slave 20,000 Days on Earth 22 Jump Street 52 Tuesdays A Girl at my Door A Most Violent Year A Most Wanted Man A Touch of Sin Aberdeen Alleluia American Sniper Birdman Black Coal, Thin Ice Blind Blue Ruin Boyhood Calvary Captain America: The Winter Soldier Casa Grande Chef Citizenfour Climbing to Spring Cold in July Danger 5 Dawn of the Planet of the Apes Der Samurai Duke of Burgundy Edge of Tomorrow Electric Boogaloo Enemy Fandry Force Majeure Frank Free Fall From What is Before Giovanni's Island Gone Girl Goodbye to Language Guardians of the Galaxy Haemoo Han Gong - ju Hard to be a God Horse Money Housebound Ida Inherent Vice Interstellar It Follows Jauja Jigarthanda Jodorowsky's Dune John Wick Killers Lady Maiko Les Combattants Leviathan Li'l Quinquin Life Itself Like Father Like Son Locke Love and Terror on the Howling Plains of Nowhere Magical Girl Maidan Man From Reno Melbourne Memphis Mommy National Gallery New World Nightcrawler Norte, The End of History Nymphomaniac Of Good Report Only Lovers Left Alive Over Your Dead Body Pale Moon Peaky Blinders Pride R100 Red Army Seven Weeks Sils Maria Snowpiercer Song of the Sea Sorrow and Joy Spring Stand By Me Doraemon Starred Up Starry Eyes Stray Dogs Texas Chain Saw Massacre The Act of Killing The Babadook The Dam Keeper The Double The Editor The Grand Budapest Hotel The Great Beauty The Great Passage The Guest The Hobbit The Internet's Own Boy The Kingdom of Dreams and Madness The Lego Movie The Missing Picture The One I Love The Overnighters The Penguins of Madagascar The Raid 2 The Sacrament The Second Game The Secret Life of Walter Mitty The Snow White Murder Case The Tale of the Princess Kaguya The Terror Live The Tribe The Wind Rises The Wolf of Wall Street The Wonders The World of Kanako These Final Hours They Came Together Tokyo Tribe Tusk Two Days, One Night Under the Skin Wadjda We Are The B
like this image of Scarlett sorting through stuff) 71 1001 Grams 12 Years a Slave 20,000 Days on Earth 22 Jump Street 52 Tuesdays A Girl at my Door A Most Violent Year A Most Wanted Man A Touch of Sin Aberdeen Alleluia American Sniper Birdman Black Coal, Thin
Ice Blind Blue Ruin Boyhood Calvary Captain America: The Winter Soldier Casa Grande Chef Citizenfour Climbing to Spring Cold in July Danger 5 Dawn of the
Planet of the Apes Der Samurai Duke of Burgundy Edge of Tomorrow Electric Boogaloo Enemy Fandry Force Majeure Frank Free Fall From What is Before Giovanni's Island Gone Girl Goodbye to Language Guardians of the Galaxy Haemoo Han Gong - ju Hard to be a God Horse Money Housebound Ida Inherent Vice Interstellar It Follows Jauja Jigarthanda Jodorowsky's Dune John Wick Killers Lady Maiko Les Combattants Leviathan Li'l Quinquin Life Itself
Like Father Like Son Locke Love and Terror on the Howling Plains of Nowhere Magical Girl Maidan Man From Reno Melbourne Memphis Mommy National Gallery New World Nightcrawler Norte, The End of History Nymphomaniac Of Good Report Only Lovers Left Alive Over Your Dead Body Pale Moon Peaky Blinders Pride R100 Red Army Seven Weeks Sils Maria Snowpiercer Song of the Sea Sorrow and Joy Spring Stand By Me Doraemon Starred Up Starry Eyes Stray Dogs Texas Chain Saw Massacre The Act of Killing The Babadook The Dam Keeper The Double The Editor The Grand Budapest Hotel The Great Beauty The Great Passage The Guest The Hobbit The Internet's Own Boy The Kingdom of Dreams and Madness The Lego Movie The Missing Picture The One I Love The Overnighters The Penguins of Madagascar The Raid 2 The Sacrament The Second Game The Secret Life of Walter Mitty The Snow White Murder Case The Tale of the Princess Kaguya The Terror Live The Tribe The Wind Rises The Wolf of Wall Street The Wonders The World of Kanako These Final Hours They Came Together Tokyo Tribe Tusk Two Days, One Night Under the Skin Wadjda We Are The B
Like Father
Like Son Locke Love and Terror on the Howling Plains of Nowhere Magical Girl Maidan Man From Reno Melbourne Memphis Mommy National Gallery New World Nightcrawler Norte, The End of History Nymphomaniac Of Good Report Only Lovers Left Alive Over Your Dead Body Pale Moon Peaky Blinders Pride R100 Red Army Seven Weeks Sils Maria Snowpiercer Song of the Sea Sorrow and Joy Spring Stand By Me Doraemon Starred Up Starry Eyes Stray Dogs Texas Chain Saw Massacre The Act of Killing The Babadook The Dam Keeper The Double The Editor The Grand Budapest Hotel The Great Beauty The Great Passage The Guest The Hobbit The Internet's Own Boy The Kingdom of Dreams and Madness The Lego Movie The Missing Picture The One I Love The Overnighters The Penguins of Madagascar The Raid 2 The Sacrament The Second Game The Secret Life of Walter Mitty The Snow White Murder Case The Tale of the Princess Kaguya The Terror Live The Tribe The Wind Rises The Wolf of Wall Street The Wonders The World of Kanako These Final Hours They Came Together Tokyo Tribe Tusk Two Days, One Night Under the Skin Wadjda We Are The B
Like Son Locke Love and Terror on the Howling Plains of Nowhere Magical Girl Maidan Man From Reno Melbourne Memphis Mommy National Gallery New World Nightcrawler Norte, The End of History Nymphomaniac Of Good Report Only Lovers Left Alive Over Your Dead Body Pale Moon Peaky Blinders Pride R100 Red Army Seven Weeks Sils Maria Snowpiercer Song of the Sea Sorrow and Joy Spring Stand By Me Doraemon Starred Up Starry Eyes Stray Dogs Texas Chain Saw Massacre The Act of Killing The Babadook The Dam Keeper The Double The Editor The Grand Budapest Hotel The Great Beauty The Great Passage The Guest The Hobbit The Internet's Own Boy The Kingdom of Dreams and Madness The Lego Movie The Missing Picture The One I Love The Overnighters The Penguins of Madagascar The Raid 2 The Sacrament The Second Game The Secret Life of Walter Mitty The Snow White Murder Case The Tale of the Princess Kaguya The Terror Live The Tribe The Wind Rises The Wolf of Wall Street The Wonders The World of Kanako These Final Hours They Came Together Tokyo Tribe Tusk Two Days, One Night Under the Skin Wadjda We Are The Best!
Lost
Planet 3 will make you ask important questions, like «is this the best song to rock an ice planet?&
Planet 3 will make you ask important questions,
like «is this the best song to rock an
ice planet?&
planet?»
Now one thing I do feel the need to mention here in this review is in regards to your playable character in the single - player campaign, Jim Peyton, whose name sounds
like he should be on some American football team and not digging for energy on a faraway
ice planet.
Using the figurines and builds included in the kit, photographer Markus Land constructed a series of photos showcasing the characters as they engage in activities
like ice hockey or just surveying the icy
planet.
[1] CO2 absorbs IR, is the main GHG, human emissions are increasing its concentration in the atmosphere, raising temperatures globally; the second GHG, water vapor, exists in equilibrium with water /
ice, would precipitate out if not for the CO2, so acts as a feedback; since the oceans cover so much of the
planet, water is a large positive feedback; melting snow and
ice as the atmosphere warms decreases albedo, another positive feedback, biased toward the poles, which gives larger polar warming than the global average; decreasing the temperature gradient from the equator to the poles is reducing the driving forces for the jetstream; the jetstream's meanders are increasing in amplitude and slowing, just
like the lower Missippi River where its driving gradient decreases; the larger slower meanders increase the amplitude and duration of blocking highs, increasing drought and extreme temperatures — and 30,000 + Europeans and 5,000 plus Russians die, and the US corn crop, Russian wheat crop, and Aussie wildland fire protection fails — or extreme rainfall floods the US, France, Pakistan, Thailand (driving up prices for disk drives — hows that for unexpected adverse impacts from AGW?)
If that acceleration trend continues unabated, through any significant portion of the
planet's
ice sheets, then we could lose all seaports (
like NYC, Boston, Seattle) and coastal communities, natural and man - made.
Ever since the
planet descended into a cycle of
ice ages and warm intervals 2 million years ago, glaciers have surged and ebbed
like a slow, cold tide.
If you add to this the evidence Roger A. Pielke, Sr. offers in his rebuttal of RC propaganda, I think one can safely and sanely declare that the AGW proponents are working with a house of cards: it looks
like a great integrated, well designed structure, a consensus — especially to the so - called environmentalists and to their media and political allies — but so many of its foundational data sets (ocean temps, net
ice melt, etc) don't support their model; at the very least, they don't support the hysterical, «save the
planet» nuttiness that is rampant today.
Like Greenland and the Little
Ice Age, glaciers aren't cooperating with climate alarmists either, though glacier retreat is supposedly a harbinger of doom for our warming
planet.
Only during interglacials,
like the one we are in now, does some of the sea
ice melt during summer, when the top of the
planet is oriented a bit more towards the Sun and receives large amounts of sunlight for several summer months.
In my original aqua -
planet simulations I turned off sea
ice completely, but from the forum FAQ page it seems
like it is better to have prognostic sea
ice.
On the other extreme, if we suddenly increased the GH gas concentrations a hundred fold, we would see the oceans warm rapidly, evaporation increase, all the
ice melt and even perhaps warm to a Venus -
like planet.
That's if you count from the annual minimum; the sea
ice grows and shrinks every year, almost
like the
planet breathing, with the minimum normally happens around the first two weeks of September.
Actually Fielding's use of that graph is quite informative of how denialist arguments are framed — the selected bit of a selected graph (and don't mention the fastest warming region on the
planet being left out of that data set), or the complete passing over of short term variability vs longer term trends, or the other measures and indicators of climate change from ocean heat content and sea levels to changes in
ice sheets and minimum sea
ice levels, or the passing over of issues
like lag time between emissions and effects on temperatures... etc..
The samples they collect from the
ice, called
ice cores, hold a record of what our
planet was
like hundreds of thousands of years ago.
While Pinatubo -
like amounts of sulfur (roughly 20 million tons) pumped into the atmosphere could linger three to four years, cooling the
planet within the first months, reversing sea
ice melt, and possibly even promoting tree growth, the side effects are uncertain.
Well; if a statement regarding atmospheric cooling is taking place, and we know from past experience (climate history) that if this cooling continues and the build up of
ice continues in Antartica
like it is; then it is possible that the
planet may very well be headed back into an
ice age - and when this «atmospheric cooling» trend is mentioned on the GISS [NASA] Webpage, and by one of the GISS scientists (Kate Marvel, a climatologist at GISS and the paper's lead author) then i would have to conclude that the are embracing the science revealing evidence that such mechanics are, taking place, and I view their statemnt as an endorsement and ot their recognition, of global cooling.
Consequently
planets in a stable
ice belt configuration should be substantially more rare than
planets with Earth -
like stable
ice caps.
In that way, Arctic
ice is unlike land - based
ice sheets and glaciers in places
like Greenland and Antarctica — when that
ice tips off its rocky seat into the ocean, high tides all over the
planet lap a little farther up the shoreline.
So cold the earth was more
like the mythical
ice planet Hoth at the time.
If there was significant ocean warming or
ice melting the
planet would be slowing down
like someone put the brakes on.