Updated, Nov. 25, 10:41 a.m. Ruth Teichroeb, the communications officer for Oceans North: Protecting Life in the Arctic, an initiative of the Pew Charitable Trusts, sent a note this evening about new steps related to an issue I've covered here before — the rare and welcome proactive work by Arctic nations to ban fishing in the central Arctic Ocean ahead of the «big melt» as summer sea
ice retreats more in summers in a human - heated climate.
With Arctic
ice retreating more and more as local summers heat up, exposing ever more cold northern waters to warming sunshine — along with a host of other regional changes — it remains to be seen exactly how sensitive global climate really is.
Not exact matches
Retreating ice will additionally make the Northwest Passage a
more attractive shipping route.
Evidence of past glacial advance and
retreat is also
more easily observed in the Dry Valleys, providing a window into the past behavior of the vast Antarctic
ice sheets and their influence on global sea levels.
Professor Luckman said, «When it calves, the Larsen C
Ice Shelf will lose more than 10 % of its area to leave the ice front at its most retreated position ever recorded; this event will fundamentally change the landscape of the Antarctic Peninsu
Ice Shelf will lose
more than 10 % of its area to leave the
ice front at its most retreated position ever recorded; this event will fundamentally change the landscape of the Antarctic Peninsu
ice front at its most
retreated position ever recorded; this event will fundamentally change the landscape of the Antarctic Peninsula.
One «growing phenomenon in the Arctic [is] polar bears foraging on land as their primary habitat, sea
ice,
retreats,» Kintisch writes, which makes field work even
more dangerous, and difficult, than it would be otherwise.
Arctic sea
ice dwindles and glaciers atop mountains in
more temperate and even tropical lands
retreat.
Thousands of marks on the Antarctic seafloor, caused by icebergs which broke free from glaciers
more than ten thousand years ago, show how part of the Antarctic
Ice Sheet retreated rapidly at the end of the last ice age as it balanced precariously on sloping ground and became unstab
Ice Sheet
retreated rapidly at the end of the last
ice age as it balanced precariously on sloping ground and became unstab
ice age as it balanced precariously on sloping ground and became unstable.
The biggest changes were seen in West Antarctica, where
more than a fifth of the
ice sheet has
retreated across the sea floor faster than the pace of deglaciation.
To make matters
more complicated still, the
ice didn't advance and
retreat simultaneously all around the world.
«The Arctic is governed by international agreements, but now that the
ice is
retreating it's getting a lot
more interesting,» says APL field engineer Keith Magness (observing, second from right).
Retreating Ice Glacier National Park, Montana Most of the ice that carved Glacier National Park's ridges and valleys melted more than 10,000 years ago, but by the time fur trappers ventured into the area in the 1800s, new glaciers had form
Ice Glacier National Park, Montana Most of the
ice that carved Glacier National Park's ridges and valleys melted more than 10,000 years ago, but by the time fur trappers ventured into the area in the 1800s, new glaciers had form
ice that carved Glacier National Park's ridges and valleys melted
more than 10,000 years ago, but by the time fur trappers ventured into the area in the 1800s, new glaciers had formed.
The underwater faces of the different glaciers
retreated by between 0.7 and 3.9 metres each day, representing 20 times
more ice than melts off the top of the glacier.
And she describes sobering trends: The projection that Switzerland will lose
more than half of its small glaciers in the next 25 years; the substantial
retreat of glaciers from the Antarctic, Patagonia, the Himalayas, Greenland and the Arctic; the disappearance of iconic glaciers in Glacier National Park, Montana, or reduction to chunks of
ice that no longer move (by definition, a glacier must be massive enough to move).
By 1900, increased emissions of soot could have triggered the loss of
more than 15 m of
ice from a glacier's surface; by 1930, the loss could have totaled 30 m or
more — magnitudes and timing that can easily account for the Alpine glacial
retreat, the scientists contend.
For years the
ice has been thinning and
retreating more and
more during the summer.
This means that, even though the glacier is flowing towards the coast and carrying
more ice into the ocean, its calving front is actually
retreating.
If they begin to melt, however — particularly as they're exposed to warmer ocean water — the shelves become thinner and the grounding line begins to
retreat backward, causing the glacier to become less stable and making the
ice shelf
more likely to break.
Like frozen levees, the
retreating glaciers pin back
more stable parts of the Greenland - size
ice sheet.
News headlines about record - breaking temperatures, disappearing summer sea -
ice and
retreating Greenland glaciers frequently remind us that the Arctic is warming
more rapidly than any other place on Earth.
And with each increment of warming,
ice would
retreat further, vegetation would advance accordingly, and
more greenhouse gases would be released from ocean waters or frozen ground.
Polar amplification, in which temperatures at the poles rise
more rapidly than temperatures at the equator (due to factors like the global atmospheric and oceanic circulation of heat from the equator to the poles), plays a major role in the rate of
ice sheet
retreat.
From Lawrence Livermore, Ivana Cvijanovic explains
retreating Arctic sea
ice means
more drought for California.
As a general matter, yes, but AIUI the increasing height (depth) of the
ice face is the key factor for accelerating
retreat of these glaciers since it creates
more surface area for the warm water to work on.
Compositional data also show that the surface of Piri Planitia is
more enriched in water
ice (shown in false colour as blue) than the higher plateaus, which may indicate that Piri Planitia's surface is made of water
ice bedrock, just beneath a layer of
retreating methane
ice.
More specifically, using digital scans of paper maps based on aerial imagery acquired by the U.S. Geological Survey, along with modern - day satellite imagery from a variety of platforms, the authors digitized a total of 49 maps and images from which they calculated changes in the terminus positions,
ice speed, calving rates and
ice front advance and
retreat rates from 34 glaciers in this region over the period 1955 - 2015.
French Prime Minister Manuel Valls visited the Mer de Glace (the Sea of
Ice) Friday on Mont Blanc, where the retreating glacier has been documented for more than a century, through water colors painted before the invention of the still camera, black - and - white photos depicting a then - modern steam locomotive chuffing alongside the ice and today's high - definition satellite phot
Ice) Friday on Mont Blanc, where the
retreating glacier has been documented for
more than a century, through water colors painted before the invention of the still camera, black - and - white photos depicting a then - modern steam locomotive chuffing alongside the
ice and today's high - definition satellite phot
ice and today's high - definition satellite photos.
New York in all of its glory — the humidity, great people, the last two days of gorgeous weather I did get to experience, lobster rolls and
more lobster rolls, breathtaking shows, strolling around Williamsburg, the Brooklyn flea, people watching, the High Line (my favorite spot), sushi and
more sushi,
retreating to random places to escape the humidity, making long excursions across the ends of Manhattan for cookies, cupcakes, macarons, and
ice cream... surprise surprise.
The bottom line is that climatic change effects are being experienced RIGHT NOW; some are subtle while others are
more overt, like glacial
retreat, an increase in the severity and unpredictability of weather phenomena, or the North Polar
ice cap shrinking to its lowest surface area in history.
Samples of gas trapped in
ice cores taken from the Greenland and Antarctic
ice sheets have enabled scientists to determine that the level of CO2 in the atmosphere has fluctuated between approximately 180 ppm (glacial advance and colder climate in the higher latitudes) and 280 ppm (glacial
retreat and warmer climate in the higher latitudes), over the past 400,000 or
more years.
To give another,
more specific example, at a typical glacier on Mt. Baker, in Washington State, a summer temperature increase of 1 °C translates to a ~ 150 m increase in the altitude of the equilibrium line (the point where annual
ice accumulation = annual loss), and a resulting ~ 2 km
retreat of the glacier terminus.
Elsewhere, where Revkin wrote that most scientists agree that «for
more than a century, its
ice has been in a
retreat that is almost assuredly unstoppable and was not caused by humans,» it would have been
more accurate to state that the agreement is for the most part only that the beginning phase of the
retreat was not caused by humans.
It's worth posting the voices of a few
more scientists to address persistent questions here about a possible connection between
retreating Arctic Ocean sea
ice and seabed volcanic activity two miles below — including a Vesuvius - size eruption in 1999.
My take is that the tug of war over what's causing today's telegenic heat waves, floods, tempests — and even Arctic sea -
ice retreats — distracts from the high confidence scientists have in the long - term (but less sexy) picture: that
more CO2 will lead to centuries of climate and coastal changes with big consequences for a growing human population (for better and worse in the short run, and likely mostly for the worse in the long run).
Polar amplification, in which temperatures at the poles rise
more rapidly than temperatures at the equator (due to factors like the global atmospheric and oceanic circulation of heat from the equator to the poles), plays a major role in the rate of
ice sheet
retreat.
Our interactions with climate, for far
more than 99 percent of history, ran in one direction: Precipitation or temperatures changed,
ice sheets or coastlines or deserts advanced or
retreated, and communities thrived, suffered, or adjusted how or where they lived.
Fourteen research teams studying the impacts of warming on the Arctic Ocean have issued independent projections of how the sea
ice will behave this summer, and 11 of them foresee an
ice retreat at least as extraordinary as last year's or even
more dramatic.
The paper, combining evidence of driftwood accumulation and beach formation in northern Greenland with evidence of past sea -
ice extent in parts of Canada, concludes that Arctic sea
ice appears to have
retreated far
more in some spans since the end of the last
ice age than it has in recent years.
Cohen focuses on a hypothesis that he's been assessing for quite a few years — a relationship between
retreating sea
ice, expanding Siberian snows and
more widespread cold outbreaks.
As the
ice thins, the
ice shelf connection with the pinpoints becomes
more tenuous and
more prone to
retreat via calving.
As the sea
ice retreats, the water absorbs
more sunshine and warms faster.
[UPDATE, 5/20: Natalie Angier has written a nice column on the relatively unheralded walrus, which — like the far
more charismatic polar bear — is having a hard time as Arctic sea
ice retreats earlier and farther each spring and summer and forms later in the boreal fall.
I've freshly canvassed
more than a dozen sea -
ice experts to get their latest views on whether the remarkable Arctic
ice retreat of last summer will be matched this year.
Igor Polyakov of the University of Alaska, Fairbanks, who has studied an Arctic warm spell in the early part of the 20th century, says the new
ice retreat is almost assuredly
more dramatic than anything seen back then.
He notes (and Easterbrook ignores) that changes in the North are
more dramatic and extreme as the
ice cover
retreats.
Francis & Hunter found that the downward long - wave radiation associated with a
retreating sea -
ice extent is
more important (a stronger effect) than cloud modulation of SW also associated with the sea -
ice extent.
As expected from my 2002 paper, the low A.O. conditions of late have sequestered quite a bit of sea
ice the Arctic, which should foster a
more moderate
retreat of sea
ice extent this coming spring, summer and fall.
It'd be nice to think that the world's nations would move
more assertively to cut dependence on fossil fuels in light of new research showing that the
retreat of Arctic sea
ice from warming will modulate if warming is slowed.
Because polar
ice is in
retreat, transient conditions may actually favor the bears in the short term because they have
more access to their seal prey.
Joey Comiso, senior research scientist at Nasa's Goddard Space Flight Center, said this year's
ice retreat was caused by previous warm years reducing the amount of perennial
ice — which is
more resistant to melting.