«We haven't seen any major weather event or persistent weather pattern in the Arctic this summer that helped push the extent lower, as often happens,» said Walt Meier, a sea
ice scientist with NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center.
«This year is the fourth lowest, and yet we haven't seen any major weather event or persistent weather pattern in the Arctic this summer that helped push the extent lower as often happens,» said Walt Meier, a sea
ice scientist with NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland.
Not exact matches
And in many, many cases — such as
with ocean temperatures, rising sea levels, or
ice shelf traveling speeds —
scientists have recorded the data for decades, systematically, consistently, and
with precision.
Gore begins
with hero
scientists like Roger Revelle, who first began to imagine the magnitude of this tragedy, and continues through the latest scientific findings, like last fall's revelation that the
ice over Greenland seems to be melting much faster than anyone had predicted — news that carries potentially cataclysmic implications for the rate of sea - level rise.
Those
scientists said LFTB's substance is «like coupe» — an
ice cream or sherbet dessert —
with «a consistency like mashed potatoes.»
Rustad, a
scientist with USDA Forest Service, is concerned about evidence suggesting climate change will bring severe
ice storms more often.
Co-author Hayley Hung, a
scientist with Environment Canada's Air Quality Division who studies toxic organic pollutants in the Arctic, said that in recent years, researchers had posited that warmer conditions would liberate POPs stored in land,
ice and ocean reservoirs back into the atmosphere.
Scientists didn't dream that life could flourish in brine pockets of sea
ice or in mine water filled
with heavy metals.
Lancaster University
scientists worked
with colleagues from China and Germany to collect and analyse samples from
ice cores which had been laid down over 30 years, to show how residues of Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the environment have changed over time.
Civilian researchers have signed an agreement
with the U.S. Navy to revive a dormant program that uses the vessels to collect information on parts of the Arctic's
ice and ocean that normally lie beyond
scientists» reach
The
scientists reported that northeast Greenland was stable —
with a zero
ice mass loss — until about 2003, when summer temperatures spiked.
After a glaciologist from Alaska believed she heard trapped air bubbles escaping the
ice, she teamed
with other
scientists from Texas to eavesdrop on bits of melting glacier
ice taken from Gulkana Glacier in Alaska.
With the help of computer - generated scenery,
scientists act as tour guides through exotic spacescapes — clambering around the surface of a comet, for instance, while describing the supersonic jets of
ice that erupt from its surface.
Scientists can partially reconstruct this past environment
with fossils and through radar that peers beneath the
ice to map the shapes of the rock below.
HOLDING BACK THE
ICE The end of the tunnel, strewn
with tools and cables, leads to
ice that the
scientists melt to form a temporary cave.
«The disintegration came as a total surprise,» says Scambos, who,
with scientists at the British Antarctic Survey, has been monitoring the continent's
ice shelves continually via satellite for many years.
«Poor adherence
with the Canadian pregnancy prevention guidelines means that Canada, inadvertently, is using pregnancy termination rather than pregnancy prevention to manage fetal risk from isotretinoin,» states lead author Dr. David Henry, senior
scientist at the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (
ICES) and executive co-lead of the Canadian Network for Observational Drug Effect Studies (CNODES).
Water vapor and clouds may play a role The Arctic's summer
ice cover hit a record low in 2007, when it dipped about 40 percent below the average
ice cover recorded since 1979, when
scientists began monitoring the region
with satellites.
Mapping this buried range will help
scientists understand how glaciers formed in Antarctica as well as how today's
ice sheets interact
with the ground below.
JPL's upcoming $ 2 billion Europa Clipper mission will borrow its orbital innovations to dodge Jupiter's fierce radiation, and Cassini's
scientists are migrating to missions proposed or underway to Jupiter's moons; the
ice giants Neptune and Uranus; or back to Saturn's moons, this time armed
with new tools to search for life.
Scientists have explained Sputnik Planitia's youthful appearance by positing that it is an ancient impact basin — a giant crater filled
with thick floes of younger
ice that, driven by heat seeping up from below, churn and refresh the surface.
«It is a very good paper which provides valuable new insights about the physical processes controlling the change in reflectivity of the Greenland
ice sheet and specifically its darkening over time,» said Eric Rignot, a senior research
scientist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory who studies
ice sheets but was not involved
with the new study.
After comparing it
with domes on Earth,
scientists now believe Ahuna Mons formed when a slushy mix of internal
ice and natural antifreeze reached the surface along a duct — just as magma builds volcanoes on our planet.
The results — along
with a recent Dartmouth - led study that found air temperature also likely influenced the fluctuating size of South America's Quelccaya
Ice Cap over the past millennium — support many
scientists» suspicions that today's tropical glaciers are rapidly shrinking primarily because of a warming climate rather than declining snowfall or other factors.
Some
scientists speculate that the sun may be entering a prolonged inactive phase, similar to the one that lasted from 1645 to 1715 and coincided
with the «little
ice age» in Europe — although there is no evidence that the sun will rescue us from global warming.
On average, Antarctic sea
ice may be considerably thicker than once thought, which could significantly change how
scientists assess sea
ice dynamics and their interactions
with the ocean in a warming world.
By combining GOCE's high - resolution measurements
with information from Grace,
scientists can now look at changes in
ice mass in small glacial systems — offering even greater insight into the dynamics of Antarctica's different basins.
There, the microscopically small grains of rock from the core are catapulted along
with ice particles into space, where they were measured by the instruments on the Cassini space probe,» explained the Heidelberg planetary
scientist.
Scientists believe Ceres contains rock in its interior
with a thick mantle of
ice that, if melted, would amount to more fresh water than is present on all of Earth.
The
scientists believe that giant deers had to share their habitat and their food
with other species of deer after the last
Ice Age.
Scientists with the Caitlin Arctic Survey have been utilizing a new device on this year's 10 - week expedition on the edge of the Arctic Ocean near Ellef Ringnes Island, Canada: a unique pedal - powered winch built to haul a 50 - kilogram scientific payload 200 meters below the sea
ice.
It is set to mark the internationalisation of the program,
with fifteen American, Russian, Chinese, Brazilian, Swedish, Japanese, German, Swiss, Italian and French
scientists specialising in the study of
ice cores due to attend.
Studying these hardy microbes could provide
scientists with clues to how life might exist on Mars or on Jupiter's
ice - covered moon Europa.
Ice sheets aren't the static scabs of frost that
scientists once imagined, but rather complex structures
with many moving parts.
The Leiden
scientists replicated the frigid vacuum of interstellar space, then introduced the chemicals found in cometary
ice and hit them
with ultraviolet light like that emitted by stars.
Scripps graduate student Kristina Pistone and climate
scientists Ian Eisenman and Veerabhadran Ramanathan used satellite measurements to calculate Arctic albedo changes associated
with the changing sea
ice cover.
Cubed
ice crystals — which may exist naturally in cold, high - altitude clouds — could help improve
scientists» understanding of clouds and how they interact
with Earth's atmosphere and sunlight, two interactions that influence climate.
Many human communities want answers about the current status and future of Arctic marine mammals, including
scientists who dedicate their lives to study them and indigenous people whose traditional ways of subsistence are intertwined
with the fate of species such as
ice seals, narwhals, walruses and polar bears.
For that topic the
scientists deferred to Don Blankenship, a University of Texas geophysicist and glaciologist
with decades of experience using powerful radar to analyze
ice sheets and glaciers in Antarctica.
Pluto is more active than
scientists dreamed,
with mountain chains, roving glaciers and even
ice volcanoes.
In general, Antarctic sea
ice is much more variable than the Arctic, and
scientists are still grappling
with how climate change and various natural climate cycles might be interacting to affect sea
ice levels there.
Isaac Held, a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration climate
scientist, said he agreed
with the researchers about the «the importance of getting the
ice - liquid ratio in mixed - phase clouds right,» but he doesn't agree that global climate models generally underestimate climate sensitivity.
Sea
ice and snow cover loss create a feedback look that can accelerate global warming;
with fewer reflective surfaces on the planet, more sunlight can thereby be absorbed, driving surface temperatures even higher, the
scientists explained.
The recent string of record - low winter maximums could be a sign that the large summer losses are starting to show up more in other seasons,
with an increasingly delayed fall freeze - up that leaves less time for sea
ice to accumulate in winter, Julienne Stroeve, an NSIDC
scientist and University College London professor, previously said.
These flights also provided National
Ice Center scientists on the Polar Star with aerial footage they evaluated along with satellite imagery to help better understand ice thickness, age and other conditio
Ice Center
scientists on the Polar Star
with aerial footage they evaluated along
with satellite imagery to help better understand
ice thickness, age and other conditio
ice thickness, age and other conditions.
To assess this aspect,
scientists have organized a tasting session
with 85 persons, who described the sensations they felt while eating a vanilla
ice cream.
Scientists have speculated that
ice could persist for long periods of time without sublimating to vapor in places such as Cabeus, because the rim of the crater, coupled
with the low angle of the sun, keeps part of the crater floor in perpetual darkness.
According to Next Wave's Andrew Fazekas, the field of sports science is getting lots of
ice time
with early career
scientists in Canada.
The
scientists imaged the crystals
with high - resolution electron microscopy and found that the unique environment made the
ice crystallize in a new, cubic configuration, they report online today in Nature.
The radar can measure the surface height variation of
ice in fine detail, allowing
scientists to record changes in its volume
with unprecedented accuracy.