Sentences with phrase «ice sheet area»

Besides the information about greenhouse - gas levels from the trapped air bubbles at Vostok, a sediment core from the bottom of the Red Sea indicates changes in sea level, which in turn give an approximation of ice sheet area.

The Last Interglacial was also a period with higher global sea - level and a corresponding reduction in ice sheet area and volume, which are consistent with IPCC predictions for responses to future global warming.

Jakobshavn Isbrae is Greenland's largest outlet glacier, draining 6.5 percent of Greenland's ice sheet area.

Albedo change due to LGM — Holocene vegetation change, much of which is inherent with ice sheet area change, and albedo change due to coastline movement are lumped together with ice sheet area change in calculating the surface albedo climate forcing.

At that level, the world risked initiating feedbacks in the climate system, such as the melting of ice sheet area, that could trigger irreversible warming out of humanity's control.

Previous maximum melt extent values since 1978 (when satellite obseravations begin, this is what NASA meant by «unprecedented») are under 60 % of the ice sheet area.

Right: Graph of percentage of total ice sheet area experiencing at least 1 mm of melting - Jan 1 to Apr 11 (blue line), 1990 - 2013 average (grey line) and year - to - year daily variation (grey shaded area).

The next year, Rignot and Mouginot published another comprehensive, high - resolution map of Greenland based in radar interferometry data from 2008 and 2009 showing that Greenland's 100 fastest glaciers drain 66 percent of the ice sheet area, and marine - terminating glaciers drain 88 percent of the ice sheet area (Rignot and Mouginot 2012).

This empirical climate sensitivity corresponds to the Charney (1979) definition of climate sensitivity, in which «fast feedback» processes are allowed to operate, but long - lived atmospheric gases, ice sheet area, land area and vegetation cover are fixed forcings.

Slow feedbacks, such as change of ice sheet area and climate - driven changes of greenhouse gases, are not included.

We call this the Charney climate sensitivity, because it is essentially the case considered by Charney (1979), in which water vapor, clouds and sea ice were allowed to change in response to climate change, but GHG (greenhouse gas) amounts, ice sheet area, sea level and vegetation distributions were taken as specified boundary conditions.

you mentioned in last table that most (90 %)» ice sheet area is temperate - based, with which I agree.

If you are submitting results for multiple drainage sets, drainage basin, or ice sheet areas, please concatenate these into a single file.

In ice sheet areas distant from a dust source this maybe difficult, but on alpine glaciers mountaineers and glaciologists have long noticed the ubiquitous nature of these layers (Post and LaChapelle, 1962).

Not exact matches

Every year in the central area of the Greenland Ice Sheet a layer of ice is created separated by a line of duIce Sheet a layer of ice is created separated by a line of duice is created separated by a line of dust.

Elsewhere many smaller ice sheets and glaciers grew, vast areas turned into tundra and deserts expanded as the planet became drier.

Considering that the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets span more than 1.7 million and 14 million square kilometers, respectively, while containing 90 % of the world's freshwater ice supply, melting of ice shelves could be catastrophic for low - lying coastal areas.

A large area of the Greenland ice sheet once considered stable is actually shedding massive amounts of ice, suggesting that future sea - level rise may be worse than expected, a team of scientists warned yesterday in a new study.

The area, marked NEGIS, covers about 16 percent of the island's thick ice sheet.

While the exact sources of black carbon are often difficult to pinpoint in remote areas, the researchers used molecular analysis of the black carbon along with analysis of wind patterns to show that Greenland's ice sheet had recently seen clear effects of wildfires burning thousands of miles away in the Canadian Arctic.

Large areas of the Earth's surface are experiencing rising maximum temperatures, which affect virtually every ecosystem on the planet, including ice sheets and tropical forests that play major roles in regulating the biosphere, scientists have reported.

Both of those effects actually add up to lower sea levels in the area right around the former ice sheet, Mitrovica said.

And over the past 18 months, two of the peninsula's largest ice shelves, the Larsen B and the Wilkins, have lost nearly 1,100 square miles of their total area, a sheet of ice about the size of Rhode IslandCK.

Then in 2008, an area the size of Manhattan broke off the Wilkins Ice Sheet.

We do estimate that an area of hydrocarbon reserves twice the size of Russia was directly influenced by ice sheets during past glaciation.

The Dark Zone is a literally dirty belt of the melting area — the ablation zone — of the ice sheet.

the south - bound expedition had cleared that vast plain of floating ice which flows down from the great mountains of the interior and covers the southern part of Ross Sea throughout an area above 20,000 square miles with an ice sheet approximately 800 feet in thickness, and had begun to climb the heights which form the mountainous embayment at the head of Ross Sea.

Their field - based data also suggest that during major climate cool - downs in the past several million years, the ice sheet expanded into previously ice - free areas, «showing that the ice sheet in East Greenland responds to and tracks global climate change,» Bierman says.

Enkelmann appreciates the challenge of collecting samples here because this range has the highest peaks of any coastal mountain range and is only 20 kilometers from the Pacific Ocean, but she points out that it is a tough area to study because of the big ice sheets.

Dr Konrad added: «These differences emphasise the complex nature of ice sheet instability across the continent, and being able to detect them helps us to pinpoint areas that deserve further investigation.»

The slipperiness, caused by films of water spread over large areas, helps ascertain how quickly a melting ice sheet will slide into the sea as the climate warms — and thus how quickly sea levels will rise.

Using sediment gathered from the ocean floor in different areas of the world, the researchers were able to confirm that as the ice sheets started melting and the climate warmed up at the end of the last ice age, 18,000 years ago, the marine nitrogen cycle started to accelerate.

The area covered by all the green leaves on Earth is equal to, on average, 32 percent of Earth's total surface area — oceans, lands and permanent ice sheets combined.

«If protective ice shelves were suddenly lost in the vast areas around the Antarctic margin where reverse - sloping bedrock (where the bed on which the ice sheet sits deepens toward the continental interior, rather than toward the ocean) is more than 1,000 meters deep, exposed grounding line ice cliffs would quickly succumb to structural failure as is happening in the few places where such conditions exist today,» the researchers point out.

In the San Francisco Bay area, sea level rise alone could inundate an area of between 50 and 410 square kilometres by 2100, depending both on how much action is taken to limit further global warming and how fast the polar ice sheets melt.

Together with the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, it blankets an area roughly the size of Mexico and the United States combined.

At the Dome A site in East Antarctica — roughly the size of the state of California — the base layer of refrozen ice accounted for up to half the total thickness of the ice sheet, and 24 percent of the area covered by ice.

The Greenland Ice Sheet covers an area roughly the size of Mexico and measures up to 3 km thick in some places.

The problem with those measurements, Morlighem said, is that they were scattered, and the data were limited to areas where there were flights over the ice sheet.

Melting ice sheets could raise sea levels high enough to flood coastal areas around the globe by the end of the century, according to scientists gathering in Denmark today for a three - day climate - change conference.

On its own, sea level rise could inundate between 50 and 410 square kilometres of this area by 2100, depending on how much is done to limit further global warming and how fast the polar ice sheets melt.

The wind changes were found to be heaving warm currents from deeper waters up into a zone where the Antarctic ice sheet is vulnerable to melt and crumble from beneath — the area where towers of ice sit atop submerged ground.

Zachariae is the largest ice stream in a drainage basin that covers 16 percent of the Greenland ice sheet — an area twice as large as the one drained by Jakobshavn.

The Cordilleran Ice Sheet (CIS) once covered an area comparable to that of Greenland.

[7] The IceCon project aims to gain a better understanding of the rate of the loss of ice — now and in the past - from the Antarctic ice sheet in the Dronning Maud Land area, and includes six partners: Université Libre de Bruxelles, Royal Observatory of Belgium, University of Luxembourg, Norwegian Polar Institute, and Aberystwyth University.

Either the glaciers would have to flow into the ocean at unrealistic rates, or rapid melting would have to be triggered over a much larger area of the ice sheet than current evidence suggests.

Nonetheless, the ice - sheet response to global warming remains an area of what risk analysts call «deep uncertainty».

Combined with melting from mountain glaciers and the Greenland Ice Sheet, this could result in flooding of low - lying areas of Earth over the next century.

If more ice is lost at the margins than gained at the core, the ice sheet shrinks, ultimately affecting albedo as (depending on the underlying geography) lakes form, some rockbed is exposed and areas are reconquered by the ocean.

The importance of orbital variations, of the greenhouse gases CO2, CH4 and N2O, of the albedo of land ice sheets, annual mean snow cover, sea ice area and vegetation, and of the radiative perturbation of mineral dust in the atmosphere are investigated.