Pollard, D., Deconto, R. M. & Alley, R. B. Potential Antarctic
Ice Sheet retreat driven by hydrofracturing and ice cliff failure.
The results explain why we have been in a warm period for the last 11,000 years: despite the weak increase in solar energy,
ice sheets retreated completely during our current interglacial because of the very long waiting time since the previous interglacial and the accumulated instability of ice sheets.
Radiocarbon deglaciation chronology of the Thunder Bay, Ontario area and implications
for ice sheet retreat patterns
Comment: Radiocarbon deglaciation chronology of the Thunder Bay, Ontario area and implications for ice sheet retreat patterns
Clues in seafloor sediments reveal that relatively warm water beneath western Antarctic ice shelves, a major factor in today's
massive ice sheet retreat, also fueled some past ice loss.
Twelve thousand years ago, the great
ice sheets retreated at the beginning of the latest interglacial — the Flandrian — allowing humans to return to northern latitudes.
Around 11,000 years ago, as the
last ice sheets retreated from Norway and the Norwegian Sea, Atlantic water flowed in and warmed the bottom by about 9 degrees Fahrenheit.
Thousands of marks on the Antarctic seafloor, caused by icebergs which broke free from glaciers more than ten thousand years ago, show how part of the Antarctic
Ice Sheet retreated rapidly at the end of the last ice age as it balanced precariously on sloping ground and became unstable.
Torosaur means» «piercing reptile»» in Latin.Blessed with broad expanses of fossil - bearing rock that were exposed and scoured when the last
continental ice sheet retreated 18,000 years ago, eastern Montana appears early on in the development of dinosaur paleontology.
The originally hypothesized source of freshwater was the eastward routing of Glacial Lake Agassiz from the Mississippi River to the St. Lawrence River, as the Laurentide
Ice Sheet retreated northward out of the Great Lakes (Johnson and McClure, 1976; Rooth, 1982; Broecker, 2006).
Although the meltwater was previously believed to have come chiefly from Antarctica, a recent reconstruction by Tarasov and Peltier of
ice sheet retreat using a glacial model calibrated by a variety of data points instead to a largely North American source.
Clearly, to
simulate ice sheet retreat, simulated oceans must change their vertical and horizontal extents as the ocean invades the space occupied by the ice sheet and receives meltwater from the glacier.
«Well, we do have past records of
ice sheet retreat under climates warmer than present so we decided to determine what those rates of retreat were.»
The presence of a specific type of rock, only present in large quantities quite far and deep within the Wilkes Subglacial Basin, indicated
serious ice sheet retreat.
The governor, who has been around the state politics since the
Laurentide ice sheet retreated, knows something about the tortured relationship between the chief magistrate of the state's largest city and the state capital.
The craters were formed as
the ice sheet retreated from the Barents Sea during the deglaciation some 12,000 years ago.
«Ice - cliff collapse has been debated as a theoretical process that might cause West Antarctic
Ice Sheet retreat to accelerate in the future,» said co-author Dr Robert Larter, from the British Antarctic Survey.
Their results overcome a basic problem of trying to discern the deep history of ice from bedrock: every time
an ice sheet retreats and then grows back, it scours away the bedrock and the isotope record of its own past.
But the good news is that an aggressive reduction in emissions will limit the risk of major Antarctic
ice sheet retreat.»
In the warm periods like today,
the ice sheets retreated completely.
It also drained to the Chehalis River until the Chimacum Valley, in the northeast Olympic Peninsula, melted, allowing the lake's water to rapidly drain north into the marine waters of the Strait of Juan de Fuca, which was rising as
the ice sheet retreated.
Warm ocean water plays a significant role in melting glacial ice from below, and a better mapping of Antarctica's and Greenland's landforms beneath the ice suggests that ocean melting of the glacier fronts may play a more significant role than previously thought as
the ice sheets retreat (under a global warming scenario).
As
that ice sheet retreated, some 20,000 years ago, the sea floor started bouncing back.
It shows that the methane was indeed released as
the ice sheets retreated.
If
the ice sheets retreat the weight of the ice will be lifted from the ocean floor, the gas hydrates will be destabilised and the methane will be released.
«We're providing mechanistic explanations for how those dramatic sorts of rates of
ice sheet retreat could actually happen,» DeConto told me, «but we don't need [Hansen's] feedback [to reach similar conclusions.]»
«But the good news is that an aggressive reduction in emissions will limit the risk of major Antarctic
ice sheet retreat.»
When asked about the retreat of Alpine glaciers, he says, «What do they find when
the ice sheets retreat, in the Alps?
«Since most ice sheet erosion occurs at the margin of the ice sheet, that indicated times when
the ice sheet retreated,» Cook said.