Sentences with phrase «ice sheets melted about»

Our civilizations began building immediately after the last great continental ice sheets melted about 10,000 years ago, thanks to agricultural success.

Today's red deer, which recolonized Europe after the ice sheet melted about 12,000 years ago, fall into three or four distinct lineages that likely correspond to separate southern regions to which the deer had retreated during the height of the ice age, Stanton says.

Not exact matches

Things I changed: - cut the sugar by about half, using mostly dark brown sugar for the molasses kick - scratched the nutmeg and allspice but added about 1/3 extra of all of the other spices and also added nearly a tsp of ground cardamon - replaced the veggie oil with melted leaf lard - scratched the raisins - baked it on a deep sheet for only ~ 20 minutes - just barely until firm to the touch - then cut that sheet into three layers - replaced the icing with my own 16 ounce cream cheese, 8 ounce butter, ~ 6 ounce heavy cream, ~ 5 ounce honey, 1 tsp vanilla combo - toasted the coconut before dressing the cake.

Estimated changes in the mass of Greenland's ice sheet suggest it is melting at a rate of about 239 cubic kilometres (57.3 cubic miles) per year.

The Greenland ice sheet occupies about 82 % of the surface of Greenland, and if melted would cause sea levels to rise by 7.2 metres.

The hope is that the cables could reveal secrets about what's happening underneath the ice sheets, especially about melting at the so - called grounding line, the place where the bottom of an ice sheet meets the slightly warmer ocean.

During that time, temperatures were less than 1 °C warmer than they are today, but sea level stood about 5 to 9 meters higher due to large - scale ice sheet melt.

The study fuels a growing concern among scientists about the factors affecting the Antarctic ice sheet — namely, that warm ocean waters are helping to melt glaciers and drive greater levels of ice loss, particularly in West Antarctica.

Chen's team calculated that the biggest contribution is coming from the melting of the Greenland ice sheet, which is losing about 250 gigatonnes of ice each year.

Melting of glaciers and the massive ice sheets of Greenland and Antarctica will combine for a rise in sea levels of 25 meters, or about 80 feet.

When the ice sheets began melting about 15,000 years ago, they crossed into the New World as the first settlers.»

Melting near the edges of the Greenland ice sheet, where the surface is below 4,000 feet, causes about half of its annual ice loss.

«Based on the UN climate panel's report on sea level rise, supplemented with an expert elicitation about the melting of the ice sheets, for example, how fast the ice on Greenland and Antarctica will melt while considering the regional changes in the gravitational field and land uplift, we have calculated how much the sea will rise in Northern Europe,» explains Aslak Grinsted.

Shepherd said, though, that there still is still a lot of uncertainty about how much additional melt in some locations of the Greenland ice sheet will actually be lost to the ocean.

A new review analyzing three decades of research on the historic effects of melting polar ice sheets found that global sea levels have risen at least six meters, or about 20 feet, above present levels on multiple occasions over the past three million years.

Altogether, the new study suggests that the ice sheet has the potential to raise global sea levels by about 24.3 feet, should it melt entirely.

A new study by scientists at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena, California, and the University of California, Irvine, shows that while ice sheets and glaciers continue to melt, changes in weather and climate over the past decade have caused Earth's continents to soak up and store an extra 3.2 trillion tons of water in soils, lakes and underground aquifers, temporarily slowing the rate of sea level rise by about 20 percent.

Between 2007 and 2011, the Greenland Ice Sheet lost about 260 billion tons of ice per year, mostly due to meIce Sheet lost about 260 billion tons of ice per year, mostly due to meice per year, mostly due to melt.

«The ice sheets in the north melted completely about 8,000 years ago and it will take 20,000 years for the crust to rebound.

However, it's quite a different matter melting a long - lived massive ice sheet up to 1.5 km thick that covers over 70 % of the land surface (as happened at the end of the last glacial period), from melting isolated and much thinner ice caps / sheets that only cover about 11 % of the land surface (i.e. present - day).»

But the IPCC specifically excluded the mechanism able to produce the biggest amounts of water quickly - acceleration in the flow of ice from the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets, the world's two major ice masses that would between them raise sea levels by about 70m if they completely melted.

It is noteworthy that whereas ice melt from glaciers, ice caps and ice sheets is very important in the sea level budget (contributing about 40 %), the energy associated with ice melt contributes only about 1 % to the Earth's energy budget.

This post should get you started about expectations with regard to melting on human timescales: http://www.realclimate.org/index.php/archives/2008/09/on-straw-men-and-greenland-tad-pfeffer-responds/ You may also be interested in an article about a recent publication looking at CO2 and ice sheets on a geological timescale: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/12/111201174225.htm

But public awareness of the urgency of the climate challenge remains low even as journalists report more deeply about how global warming will alter our cities and environment and how we'll have to adapt to those changes as wildfires rage, ice sheets melt and seas rise.

One more point: Isn't it possible that salinity levels, in particular, are different now in the ESAS than they were about 8000 years ago in the HCO, not long after most of the ice age ice sheet melted?

You should call some Floridians or Louisianans and ask them: would you care if melting ice on Greenland or West Antarctica submerges more than half of your state even if it wouldn't occur for another 100 to 1,000 years (there's a lot we don't know about ice sheet dynamics).

People go about «business - as - usual» because they literately don't live on the coast, have never been to New Orleans or Venice, and can not see the DIRECT affects of the ice sheets melting in their EVERYDAY and present lives.

One of the things about ice melting (and this goes for dynamic ice sheet effects as well) is that melt / loss rates increase more than linearly with temperature.

Maybe this will put to rest the scenario of melting glaciers sliding into the sea and inundating Bangladesh, but I guess there's still the West Antarctic Ice Sheet to fantasize about.

DR PETER COX: «If we don't do anything by about twenty thirty we could have a global warming of exceeding two degrees, and at that point it's believed the Greenland ice sheet would start to melt in a way that you wouldn't be able to stop it once it started it, it would melt.

2:10 p.m. Updated Lora Koenig of NASA just sent this note providing the reference underlying her comment about past summer melting episodes at the summit (the spot on the giant ice sheet least vulnerable to melting):

As for melting continental ice sheets, yes, that would increase the Earth's moment of inertia about its axis of rotation, leading to a slight increase in length of day.

I agree that most people will not fully understand the implications of this, because most don't know diddly about Hadley cells, Ferrel cells, the Polar cell, albedo, latent or sensible heat, and mechanisms by which solar energy can be transported from the Arctic to melt more of the Greenland ice sheet.

Can anything be inferred about what changes to the AMOC intensity do to the melt - rate of the Greenland Ice sheet?

The Greenland ice sheet receives on average about 3 feet of snow per year, and most of it never sees any melting.

Why do the folks talking about ice sheet melt, talk about «global temperature», when what affects the ice melt / ice dynamics is the temperature adjacent to the ice?

Significant contribution of insolation to Eemian melting of the Greenland ice sheet for an in - depth discussion about these differences.

AR4 specifically excluded Greenland and Antarctica ice sheet melting, due to the uncertainties about ice flow dynamics, and also specifically excluded slow feedbacks, also due to the uncertainties involved.

As you might expect in a debate about whether or not the U.S. should make a risky move to perpetuate the use of fossil fuels, some committee members took the opportunity to voice doubt that the constant burning of that energy source was behind the rising temperatures, melting ice sheets, and abnormal weather events most scientists associate with climate change.

Revelle (1983); similarly Thomas et al. (1979); Bentley (1980) saw a possible ice sheet collapse in the next 500 years; but Bentley (1982) said melting could take thousands of years; this was disputed by Hughes (1982); Hollin (1980) tried to demonstrate an East Antarctic ice sheet surge about 95,000 years ago; for predictions of meter - scale rises, see Jones and Henderson - Sellers (1990), pp. 10 - 11, 15; a skeptic: Van der Veen (1985); Van der Veen (1988).

At the other end of the earth, the 2 - kilometer - thick Antarctic ice sheet, which covers a continent about twice the size of Australia and contains 70 percent of the world's fresh water, is also beginning to melt.

The Greenland ice sheet, earth's second largest after Antarctica, holds enough ice that, if it were to melt entirely, it would raise average global sea level by about seven meters.

There is still some discussion about how exactly this starts and ends ice ages, but many studies suggest that the amount of summer sunshine on northern continents is crucial: if it drops below a critical value, snow from the past winter does not melt away in summer and an ice sheet starts to grow as more and more snow accumulates.

If the melting rate continues to stay within those two points, and given that the current contribution to sea level from the Greenland Ice Sheet is only about 0.1 mm / year, we won't see a lot of sea level rise until later this century.

If the entire Antarctic Ice Sheet melted, sea level would rise by about 57 meters, or 187 feet (Lythe et al. 2001).

The Garnaut Review states (page 13): «If the Greenland ice sheet were to melt, it would add about seven metres to the world's ocean, and the west Antarctic ice sheet up to six metres, over a long period».

-- Susan Solomon, Nature The Long Thaw is written for anyone who wishes to know what cutting - edge science tells us about the modern issue of global warming and its effects on the pathways of atmospheric chemistry, as well as global and regional temperatures, rainfall, sea level, Arctic sea - ice coverage, melting of the continental ice sheets, cyclonic storm frequency and intensity and ocean acidification.

The melting of Greenland's ice sheet appears to be accelerating of late, losing about four times as much mass last year as it did a decade ago.

They are also swollen by melting glaciers, ice caps and ice sheets: Greenland's ice is on track to melt completely, which will eventually raise the sea level by about seven metres (23ft).

NSIDC's Greenland Ice Sheet Today: Satellite images and information about surface melting on the Greenland ice shIce Sheet Today: Satellite images and information about surface melting on the Greenland ice Sheet Today: Satellite images and information about surface melting on the Greenland ice shice sheetsheet