Sentences with phrase «ice sheets over»

The same can't be said for the ice sheets over much of Greenland and all of Antarctica: they sit on land.

Mr. Gildea repeatedly confuses a «warm period» (a temperature - based definition) with an «interglaciation» (a definition based on the lack of ice sheets over Canada and Scandanavia).

Certainly that's the case over the Arctic varying from land, to open ocean, to thin ice, to thick ice, to kilometers high ice sheets over Greenland.

Times like this in the past have triggered runaway ice feedbacks that culminate in kilometre deep ice sheets over much of Europe and North America.

It is surprising, therefore, that the gross underestimation of pole ward energy transport by the computer models is not reflected as cooling and expansion of the ice sheets over the polar regions.

Hawkings and his collaborators spent three months in 2012 and 2013 gathering water samples and measuring the flow of water from the 600 - square - kilometer (230 - square - mile) Leverett Glacier and the smaller, 36 - square - kilometer (14 - square - mile) Kiattuut Sermiat Glacier in Greenland as part of a Natural Environment Research Council - funded project to understand how much phosphorus, in various forms, was escaping from the ice sheet over time and draining into the sea.

Fortunately, the ice sheet over Greenland is much smaller than the ice sheet during the Ice Age and thus with less potential to seriously disturb the system.

Contrary to what you might expect, the third IPPC report predicted that global warming would most likely lead to a thickening of the ice sheet over the next century, with increased snowfall compensating for any melting cause by warming.

To consider change in the ice sheet over time, we also need to know how the inputs change over time.

If one could go back to the site of Chicago, Illinois, 18,000 years ago, you would be standing on an ice sheet over two miles thick, and you would be in a climate just like the Arctic is today.

In May 2007, a team of scientists from NASA and the University of Colorado reported satellite data showing widespread snow - melt on the interior of the Antarctic ice sheet over an area the size of California.

Ritz, C., Rommeleare, V. & Dumas, C. Modeling the evolution of Antarctic ice sheet over the last 420,000 years: implications for altitude changes in the Vostok region.

This investigation uncovered that periods of past methane release likely started occurring as the massive ice sheet over Svalbard - Barents Ice Sheet began retreating some 24 000 years ago.

Using airborne radar and satellite imaging, researchers have located more than 400 of these so - called subglacial lakes beneath the Antarctic ice sheet over the past 50 years.

«The past ice sheet over the Barents Sea is a good analogue for the present day West Antarctic Ice Sheet as it was also marine - based with many similarities.

The summer ice sheet over the Arctic ocean is getting smaller.

Second, and less important but still rather spectacular, was the melting of virtually every square inch of the surface of this ice sheet over a short period of a few days during the hottest part of the summer, a phenomenon observed every few hundred years but nevertheless an ominous event considering that it happened just as the aforementioned record ice mass loss was being observed and measured.

Donald D. Blankenship, a senior researcher at UT's Institute for Geophysics (UTIG) and one of the authors of the study, explained that understanding the evolution of the ice sheet over the East Antarctic landscape as well as its points of vulnerabilities for rapid retreat allows them to predict what could potentially happen to the region in the coming years.

Sustained warming greater than some threshold would lead to the near - complete loss of the Greenland ice sheet over a millennium or more, causing a global mean sea - level rise of up to 7 meters [23 feet](high confidence).

This happened as the world was coming out of the last ice age, in an event known as the Younger Dryas: a huge ice sheet over North America suddenly gave way, drained into the North Atlantic, and shut down the AMOC.

Not exact matches

That half a degree is the difference between low - lying island states surviving, or Arctic ice remaining over the North Pole in summer, or increasing the risk of losing the Western Antarctic Ice Sheet or Greenland ice sheet (either one of which implies an eight - metre sea level risice remaining over the North Pole in summer, or increasing the risk of losing the Western Antarctic Ice Sheet or Greenland ice sheet (either one of which implies an eight - metre sea level risIce Sheet or Greenland ice sheet (either one of which implies an eight - metre sea level rSheet or Greenland ice sheet (either one of which implies an eight - metre sea level risice sheet (either one of which implies an eight - metre sea level rsheet (either one of which implies an eight - metre sea level rise.)

Once you have baked and cut your mini scones, place them on a wire rack over a cookie sheet to catch icing drips.

1) Mix flour, butter and icing sugar in a bowl using two knives to cut the butter until the mixture resembles fine breadcrumbs 2) Add in the egg yolks and vanilla extracts and mix well, then add iced water until the dough starts to come together 3) Shape the dough into a ball on a cool, flat, floured surface 4) Flatten dough into a disc and then wrap in plastic wrap, and chill in the refrigerator for at least 30 minutes 5) Meanwhile, peel, core and slice the apples into as thin slices as possible 6) Mix sugar and ground cinnamon powder with sliced apples and let it rest for a while 7) Pre-heat oven to 180 deg cel 8) Once dough has chilled, roll pastry dough on a sheet of parchment paper until it has expanded to the size of the tart mold (I used a rough mold the size of a large pizza) 9) Leaving at least an inch of dough free, arrange apple slices by overlapping them slightly in the shape of a circle, starting from the outermost part of the circle, until you reach the inside 10) Fold the edges of dough over the filling and then sprinkle the dough with a bit of sugar 11) Bake for about 40 - 45 minutes, or until the crust is golden brown and the apples are soft 12) Serve warm, with a side of whipped cream or ice cream (optional)

While most duck shooters snuggle deeper under the blankets, the Maine seabirder gets up at 4 a.m., drives his boat through swells that wash over the decks and turn them into sheets of ice, sets his trawl line of decoys, anchors in the lee of a ledge and covers his boat with rockweed.

These vast ice sheets are made of the snow that has fallen in Antarctica over the past million years or so.

Developing an understanding of how ice sheets are changing over time requires precise measurements of the thickness of the ice sheets and accurate mapping of the bedrock below.

Researchers established the first camp here in 1989, at the start of an international effort that drilled the 3,053 - meter - long Greenland Ice Sheet Project - 2 ice core, retrieving a record of climate over the previous 110,000 yeaIce Sheet Project - 2 ice core, retrieving a record of climate over the previous 110,000 yeaice core, retrieving a record of climate over the previous 110,000 years.

Over hundreds or thousands of years, vast ice sheets can melt away, further decreasing the planet's reflectivity.

Stewart Jamieson from Durham University in England and his colleagues made the discovery by looking for subtle changes in the ice sheet's surface shapes, developed as a result of ice flowing over diverse topography.

As glaciologist Richard Alley of Pennsylvania State University notes: «The ice sheet is losing mass, this loss has increased over time, [and] it is not the dominant term in sea - level rise — but it matters.»

They found that western Antarctica has recently seen warmer, saltier water being driven under the shelf — the part of the ice sheet that sticks out over the ocean (Science, doi.org/xkx).

Over the past 40 years, radar imagery has revealed around 150 freshwater lakes of various sizes and ages beneath the massive Antarctic ice sheet.

And over the past 18 months, two of the peninsula's largest ice shelves, the Larsen B and the Wilkins, have lost nearly 1,100 square miles of their total area, a sheet of ice about the size of Rhode IslandCK.

Glaciologists have long worried that the West Antarctic ice sheet will collapse over the next few centuries, raising sea levels dramatically.

«All of a sudden it allows us to understand how dynamic the bottom of the ice sheet was — or was not — over that long time period,» Schroeder says.

But in the Totten and Moscow University ice shelves over on the eastern half of the ice sheet, the story was far less clear, Paolo says.

When the team looked at the overall balance between the radiation upward from the surface of the ice sheet and the radiation both upward and downward from the upper levels of the atmosphere across all infrared wavelengths over the course of a year, they found that in central Antarctica the surface and lower atmosphere, against expectation, actually lose more energy to space if the air contains greenhouse gases, the researchers report online and in a forthcoming Geophysical Research Letters.

Over the current century, the model projects that the average albedo for the entire ice sheet will fall by as much as 8 percent, and by as much 10 percent on the western edge, where the ice is darkest today.

It's known that when ice sheets start to melt, cooling the air in that region, the winds over the Southern Ocean strengthen, Toggweiler says.

For one thing, he says, it contains a scenario in which the fresh meltwater from ice sheets increases exponentially over time, «which may not be realistic.»

«It is a very good paper which provides valuable new insights about the physical processes controlling the change in reflectivity of the Greenland ice sheet and specifically its darkening over time,» said Eric Rignot, a senior research scientist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory who studies ice sheets but was not involved with the new study.

Pine Island Glacier and the neighbouring Thwaites Glacier are responsible for nearly a third of total ice loss from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, and this contribution has increased greatly over the past 25 yeaice loss from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, and this contribution has increased greatly over the past 25 yeaIce Sheet, and this contribution has increased greatly over the past 25 years.

Wilson leads POLENET, an international collaboration that has planted GPS and seismic sensors all over the West Antarctic Ice Sheet.

In contrast, Bierman and colleagues» data provides a record of continuous ice sheet activity over eastern Greenland but can't distinguish whether this was because there was a remnant in East Greenland or whether the ice sheet remained over the whole island, fluctuating in size as the climate warmed and cooled over millions of years.

Volk: From what it is today, and yet it was massively different with ice sheets where you and I are talking right now; in New York City would have been covered with an ice sheet that was taller than the Empire State Building, that would have been right here, you know, over 20,000 years ago, and the distribution of trees and all kinds of organisms, these distributions were very different from what they are today.

Scientists have a pretty good idea of how thermal expansion and melting mountain glaciers will play out over the long term, but when it comes to the ice sheets, «we have no idea,» Willis says.

The drought that is devastating California and much of the West has dried the region so much that 240 gigatons worth of surface and groundwater have been lost, roughly the equivalent to a 3.9 - inch layer of water over the entire West, or the annual loss of mass from the Greenland Ice Sheet, according to the study.

Pettersen is hopeful that, with more data analysis over longer periods of time, researchers will find more answers yet to account for the melting ice sheet and the subsequent sea level rise that has already had an impact on regions across the planet.

Now, ice - penetrating radar scanners, flown over the sheet by aircraft, can reveal the shape of the ground.

However, ice - penetrating radar scanners, flown over the ice sheet by aircraft, can reveal the shape of the ground.