So when the northern part of the Larsen B
ice shelf collapsed into the sea in March 2002, it was not a total surprise.
The 1,255 - square mile
ice shelf collapsed into the Weddell Sea over a 35 - day period in early 2002.
Not exact matches
All told, as warm summers have reached farther down from the bottom of South America
into the northernmost section of the Antarctic Peninsula, four
ice shelves on the eastern side of the peninsula, including Larsen A, have
collapsed in a striking pattern from the northern tip southward toward the Antarctic mainland.
Dr Gudmundsson said: «Although floating
ice shelves have only a modest impact on of sea - level rise,
ice from Antarctica's interior can discharge
into the ocean when they
collapse.
All told, if the eastern and western Antarctic
ice shelves were to melt completely, they would raise sea levels by as much as 230 feet (70 meters); the
collapse of smaller
shelves like Larsen B has sped up the flow of glaciers behind them
into the sea, contributing to the creeping up of high tide levels around the world.
That makes it vulnerable to
collapse, because seawater can flow in underneath it and transform its edge
into a floating
ice shelf like Larsen B, which might then break up, freeing the
ice behind it.
The
collapse of several small
ice shelves has caused glaciers to accelerate two - to ninefold and spill more
ice into the ocean, raising the sea level.
After large icebergs broke away from nearby
ice shelves in recent decades, they
collapsed and the land
ice they were buttressing tumbled
into the sea.
One 2004 NASA - led study found that most of the glaciers they were studying «flow
into floating
ice shelves over bedrock up to hundreds of meters deeper than previous estimates, providing exit routes for
ice from further inland if
ice - sheet
collapse is under way.»
When
ice shelves get thinner or
collapse all together, glaciers speed up and dump more water
into the ocean, raising sea levels.
When these
ice shelves suddenly splinter and weaken or even
collapse entirely, as has been observed in Antarctica, the glaciers that feed them speed up, dumping more
ice into the ocean and raising global sea levels.
But if the
shelf collapses, then glacial
ice could flow
into the sea unabated and contribute to rising sea levels.
For example, some exciting work being done by David Pollard and Rob DeConto suggests that processes such as
ice - cliff
collapse and
ice -
shelf hydrofracturing may play important roles in future
ice sheet behavior that have not been well incorporated
into most
ice sheet models.
However, if the remaining
ice shelf collapses or starts losing mass more rapidly, it could effectively unplug the glaciers next to the
shelf, sending land - based
ice into Southern Ocean, and contributing to sea level rise.
With glaciers thinning, accelerating and receding in response to
ice shelf collapse [20, 21], more
ice is directly transported
into the oceans, making a direct contribution to sea level rise.
They don't take
into account the possibility that pulses of warm sea - water may become more frequent in triggering
ice -
shelf collapses - or that glaciers may speed up along their base due to penetrating melt - waters.
In the wake of an
ice shelf collapse, however, the resulting glacier acceleration can raise sea level by introducing a new
ice mass
into the ocean.
Increased delivery of warm ocean water
into the sub-
ice shelf cavity may therefore cause not only thinning but also structural weakening of the
ice shelf, perhaps, as a prelude to eventual
collapse.»
These approaches, however, haven't taken
into account some physical processes that can quickly increase
ice sheet discharge, such as the
collapse of terminal
ice cliffs and the breakup of floating
ice shelves caused by a process known as hydrofracturing.
1977: ROSS
ICE SHELF, Antarctica - A huge portion of the Antarctic
ice mass appears to be
collapsing into the sea, a catastrophe that could raise the levels of the oceans by almost 20 feet.
But Trusel says he was surprised by the new study at how rapidly those
ice shelf collapses could translate
into sea level rise.
What UHI caused the 6000 year old Larsen B & Wilkins
ice shelves to
collapse into slush?