Sentences with phrase «ice surface fluxes»

High - latitude ocean and sea ice surface fluxes: challenges for climate research.

Not exact matches

However, ice is a poor conductor so, unless ice is very thin or the geothermal heat flux very high, tends not to influence melt at the ice surface.

The warming being seen during the Autumn and Winter is mainly due to increased heat fluxes from the surface (Screen & Simmonds 2010) due to thinner ice and more open water, so represents a net heat loss to the atmosphere.

This study proposes a mechanism sustaining the enhanced westerly winds by a cyclonic atmospheric circulation in the Barents Sea region created by a strong surface heat flux over the ice - free areas.

We quantify sea - level commitment in the baseline case by building on Levermann et al. (10), who used physical simulations to model the SLR within a 2,000 - y envelope as the sum of the contributions of (i) ocean thermal expansion, based on six coupled climate models; (ii) mountain glacier and ice cap melting, based on surface mass balance and simplified ice dynamic models; (iii) Greenland ice sheet decay, based on a coupled regional climate model and ice sheet dynamic model; and (iv) Antarctic ice sheet decay, based on a continental - scale model parameterizing grounding line ice flux in relation to temperature.

«Just when the surface ice melted in the lab, he measured a large flux of carbon and methane.

When the flux is increased, the planet undergoes a decrease in surface albedo which is due to the melting of the permanent polar ice caps and the reduced seasonal snow cover.

The OSI SAF team focuses on scatterometer winds (and soon microwave winds), Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and sea Ice Surface Temperature (IST), radiative fluxes: Solar Surface Irradiance (SSI) and Downward Longwave Irradiance (DLI), sea ice concentration, edge, type, emissivity, driIce Surface Temperature (IST), radiative fluxes: Solar Surface Irradiance (SSI) and Downward Longwave Irradiance (DLI), sea ice concentration, edge, type, emissivity, driice concentration, edge, type, emissivity, drift.

The idea is that Arctic sea ice decline would expose the ocean to anomalous surface heat and freshwater fluxes, resulting in positive buoyancy anomalies that can propagate downstream to the North Atlantic, in due time suppressing deep convection and weakening the AMOC.

On page 16 here: https://curryja.files.wordpress.com/2014/10/sea-ice-physical-processes.pdf There is the «Annual cycle of net surface heat flux for various ice thicknesses» Roughly interpolating the no sea ice flux I got an average of — 310 Wm2 over the course of a year.

Therefore, a greater open ocean from loss of sea ice concentration allows for a larger exchange of these surface heat fluxes.

Leads opening in the ice will change the fluxes of heat and light penetration through the sea surface and the lower trophic levels of the marine ecosystem.

Precipitation: increased freshwater / iceberg flux cools ocean mixed layer, increases sea ice area, causing increase of precipitation that falls before it reaches Antarctica, adding to ocean surface freshening and reducing ice sheet growth.

To summarise the arguments presented so far concerning ice - loss in the arctic basin, at least four mechanisms must be recognised: (i) a momentum - induced slowing of winter ice formation, (ii) upward heat - flux from anomalously warm Atlantic water through the surface low ‐ salinity layer below the ice, (iii) wind patterns that cause the export of anomalous amounts of drift ice through the Fram Straits and disperse pack - ice in the western basin and (iv) the anomalous flux of warm Bering Sea water into the eastern Arctic of the mid 1990s.

Future work must track how changes in sea ice and surface turbulent fluxes influence specific atmospheric regimes related to the episodic events.

In a new paper, researchers conclude that changes in sensible heat transfer and evaporation fluxes — in response to strong regional trends in the air - surface temperature contrast related to the changing character of the sea ice cover — are becoming increasingly consequential to Arctic climate variability and change.

So all it takes is some surface reconstructions and some flux data from a crude GCM to provide a test for a continental scale model of ice sheets that incorporate basic physics and include the Schoof mechanism.

Persson P. O. G., M. D. Shupe, D. K. Perovich and A. Solomon (August 2017): Linking atmospheric synoptic transport, cloud phase, surface energy fluxes, and sea - ice growth: observations of midwinter SHEBA conditions.

These processes include arctic clouds and their radiative impacts, sea - ice albedo changes, surface energy fluxes, vertical momentum transfer, and ocean vertical heat transport.

Scientific confidence of the occurrence of climate change include, for example, that over at least the last 50 years there have been increases in the atmospheric concentration of CO2; increased nitrogen and soot (black carbon) deposition; changes in the surface heat and moisture fluxes over land; increases in lower tropospheric and upper ocean temperatures and ocean heat content; the elevation of sea level; and a large decrease in summer Arctic sea ice coverage and a modest increase in Antarctic sea ice coverage.

«Fs», the fixed SST forcing, is a combination of the flux change at the top of (and throughout) the atmosphere and of the global surface air temperature change after the forcing and with observed sea surface temperature (SST) and sea ice (SI) held fixed.

Or what if stronger tides increased glacial flow or calving at the coasts, or tidal currents openned up gaps in sea ice covering by piling sea ice against islands, thus affecting albedo and surface heat fluxes?

The US CLIVAR High Latitude Surface Flux Working Group was formed in January 2008, with the particular goal of addressing some of the challenges associated with air - sea and air - ice - ocean exchanges in Arctic, Antarctic, and Southern Ocean regions.

I would not regard heat being stored in the ocean and melting snow / ice but not completely melting it (and thereby changing the surface albedo), since this does not have any sort of direct change to the planetary radiative fluxes.

Use the calculated fluxes to force the surface component of a climate model (without the atmosphere), including the ocean, sea ice, and land subsystem models, for the baseline (preindustrial) and the doubled CO2 forcing.

I do not run climate models myself, but am actively contributing to the development of parameterizations for clouds, sea ice, boundary layer, radiative transfer, and ocean surface fluxes.

Features of the model described here include the following: (1) tripolar grid to resolve the Arctic Ocean without polar filtering, (2) partial bottom step representation of topography to better represent topographically influenced advective and wave processes, (3) more accurate equation of state, (4) three - dimensional flux limited tracer advection to reduce overshoots and undershoots, (5) incorporation of regional climatological variability in shortwave penetration, (6) neutral physics parameterization for representation of the pathways of tracer transport, (7) staggered time stepping for tracer conservation and numerical efficiency, (8) anisotropic horizontal viscosities for representation of equatorial currents, (9) parameterization of exchange with marginal seas, (10) incorporation of a free surface that accommodates a dynamic ice model and wave propagation, (11) transport of water across the ocean free surface to eliminate unphysical «virtual tracer flux» methods, (12) parameterization of tidal mixing on continental shelves.