Sentences with phrase «ice surface temperature»

[Response: The effect on the data actually used by Steig et al for the results featured in the paper (the satellite - derived ice surface temperature estimates) is precisely zero.

The MODIS Version 6 sea ice extent and ice surface temperature algorithms and products are the same as Version 5; however, Version 6 updates to algorithm inputs — in particular, the L1B calibrated radiances, land and water mask, and cloud mask products — have improved the sea ice outputs.

Over the sea ice field the observations include: sea ice freeboard height and hence sea ice thickness from radar altimetry; sea ice surface temperature and sea ice drift from respectively infrared radiometer and imaging spectrometer under cloud free conditions.

The OSI SAF team focuses on scatterometer winds (and soon microwave winds), Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and sea Ice Surface Temperature (IST), radiative fluxes: Solar Surface Irradiance (SSI) and Downward Longwave Irradiance (DLI), sea ice concentration, edge, type, emissivity, drift.

The High Latitude L2 Sea and Sea Ice Surface Temperature product is now operationally available on EUMETCast and FTP.

The Arctic and Antarctic sea and sea ice Surface Temperature from thermal Infrared satellites sensors

At FMI algorithms and procedures have been developed for producing daily thin ice thickness (< 0.5 m) charts for the Arctic in wintertime based on ice surface temperature which is retrieved from the thermal infrared data of the MODIS spectrometer.

At FMI algorithms and procedures have been developed for producing daily thin ice thickness (< 0.5 m) charts for the Arctic in wintertime based on ice surface temperature which is retrieved from the thermal infrared data of the MODIS spectrometer.

The unusually high sea ice surface temperatures reflect a shift in ocean circulation, enhancing the import of warm, Atlantic - derived waters into the Arctic Ocean.

Not exact matches

The saltmakers boil the brine, then reduce the temperature until inverted - pyramid crystals form on the surface, like the skein of ice on a martini.

The reaction rate between atmospheric hydrogen chloride (HCl) and chlorine nitrate (ClONO2) is greatly enhanced in the presence of ice particles; HCl dissolves readily into ice, and the collisional reaction probability for ClONO2 on the surface of ice with HCl in the mole fraction range from ∼ 0.003 to 0.010 is in the range from ∼ 0.05 to 0.1 for temperatures near 200 K. Chlorine (Cl2) is released into the gas phase on a time scale of at most a few milliseconds, whereas nitric acid (HNO3), the other product, remains in the condensed phase.

So as soon as the hail of asteroids stopped, Earth may have cooled to an average surface temperature of — 40 °F and a crust of ice as much as 1,000 feet thick may have covered the oceans.

The result: Surface temperatures increased rapidly, especially in the Arctic, which saw its September sea ice cover shrink by 25 percent.

Large areas of the Earth's surface are experiencing rising maximum temperatures, which affect virtually every ecosystem on the planet, including ice sheets and tropical forests that play major roles in regulating the biosphere, scientists have reported.

The research, an analysis of sea salt sodium levels in mountain ice cores, finds that warming sea surface temperatures in the tropical Pacific Ocean have intensified the Aleutian Low pressure system that drives storm activity in the North Pacific.

The analysis is based on the fact that as the world warmed following the coldest part of the last ice age 20,000 years ago, the ice deep inside the Antarctic glaciers warmed more slowly than Earth's surface, just as a frozen turkey put into a hot oven will still be cold inside even after the surface has reached oven temperature.

While «we think of ammonia like Mr. Clean and Windex, very liquid,» McKinnon says, at Pluto's subfreezing surface temperatures, ammonia freezes into solid ice.

By measuring the remaining difference — the 20,000 - year old ice deep in the West Antarctic ice sheet is about 1 degree Celsius cooler than the surface — the scientists were able to estimate the original temperature based on how fast pure ice warms up.

increasing air temperatures on the Antarctic Peninsula, which can enhance surface melting of ice shelves,

It The plane carries a laser instrument that measures changes in the ice elevation, a high - resolution camera system to image the surface, and an instrument to infer the surface temperature.

Though there were no temperature sensors on the leg, he says the surface of the ice patch was warmed by direct sunlight, whereas the lander leg was in shadow.

The scientists also ran a computer model to simulate the future of Greenland's surface temperature, grain size, exposed ice area and albedo.

The ice algae seem to be one of the major players in this scheme — even the slight increase of the atmospheric temperature and liquid water production seems to promote algae colonization across the ice surface.

The plan is to drop sensors into the surrounding ocean to measure water temperatures, then skim the ice for signs of changes in surface height.

The authors also found that surface temperatures in the Arctic are more sensitive to the amount of sea ice than to the amount of land - based ice.

The researchers propose that, unlike in Antarctica where surface temperatures remain below freezing all year round, the newly discovered lakes are most likely fed by melting surface water draining through cracks in the ice.

But the ice core - derived climate records from the Andes are also impacted from the west — specifically by El Niño, a temporary change in climate, which is driven by sea surface temperatures in the tropical Pacific.

El Niño thus leaves its mark on the Quelccaya ice cap as a chemical signature (especially in oxygen isotopes) indicating sea surface temperatures in the equatorial Pacific Ocean over much of the past 1,800 years.

Ice shells of icy satellites can have warm interiors — approximately 0 degrees C — but surface temperatures as low as -200 degrees C -LRB--330 F), like on Saturn's moon Enceladus, though the team's apparatus does not reach that extremely low temperature.

With coordinated experiments with six atmospheric general circulation models, forced by observed daily sea - ice concentration and sea surface temperatures.

The results suggest that the impact of sea ice seems critical for the Arctic surface temperature changes, but the temperature trend elsewhere seems rather due mainly to changes in ocean surface temperatures and atmospheric variability.

The findings suggest the latitude of the Atlantic jet stream in summer is influenced by several factors including sea surface temperatures, solar variability, and the extent of Arctic sea - ice, indicating a potential long - term memory and predictability in the climate system.

El Niño causes higher sea level pressure, warmer air temperature and warmer sea surface temperature in west Antarctica that affect sea ice distribution.

«In our study we used satellite data for sea ice and sea surface temperatures to run some coordinated hindcast experiments with five different atmospheric models,» Ogawa says.

Zehner says that the agency plans to build and launch at least five «sentinel» satellites to monitor not only trace gases that indicate pollution in the atmosphere, but also the surface temperature of the oceans, the movement of ice and the shifting of land masses.

Balmy surface temperatures, not an unstable underbelly, probably prompted the largest ice shelf collapse ever recorded, researchers report in the Sept. 12 Science.

Water that collects in valleys underneath the ice sheet, in the Gamburtsev Mountains, refreezes when it passes under thinner parts of the ice sheet that are less insulated from cool surface temperatures.

Congelation ice, on the other hand, grows downward from the surface of a calm lake when temperatures are sufficiently cold.

Sea ice and snow cover loss create a feedback look that can accelerate global warming; with fewer reflective surfaces on the planet, more sunlight can thereby be absorbed, driving surface temperatures even higher, the scientists explained.

New research shows how a layer of water on the surface of ice — even at temperatures well below freezing — can influence everything from the slipperiness of a skating rink to the electrification of thunderclouds

Invasive species are entering the region with or without shipping, says Ted Scambos of the National Snow and Ice Data Center in Colorado; warming of the Arctic Ocean's surface temperatures has already increased mixing with foreign waters and all the microbes they contain.

The study marks the first time that human influence on the climate has been demonstrated in the water cycle, and outside the bounds of typical physical responses such as warming deep ocean and sea surface temperatures or diminishing sea ice and snow cover extent.

The study stops short of attributing California's latest drought to changes in Arctic sea ice, partly because there are other phenomena that play a role, like warm sea surface temperatures and changes to the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, an atmospheric climate pattern that typically shifts every 20 to 30 years.

The team used a worldwide climate model that incorporated normal month - to - month variations in sea surface temperatures and sea ice coverage, among other climate factors, to simulate 12,000 years» worth of weather.

SHELL FREEZES OVER Watch how differences in temperature across a freezing soap bubble's surface create currents that send ice crystals swirling.

Materials known to exist at Pluto's surface from ground - based spectroscopic observations include highly volatile cryogenic ices of N2 and CO, along with somewhat less volatile CH4 ice, as well as H2O and C2H6 ices and more complex tholins that are inert at Pluto surface temperatures.

Much of this activity is enabled by the existence of volatile ices such as N2 and CO that are easily mobilized even at the extremely low temperatures prevalent on Pluto's surface, around 40 K.

It only occurs at temperatures matching those on the sun's surface, and pressures exceeding a million Earth atmospheres — the environment predicted at the centre of ice giants.

The P - 3 Orion, based at NASA's Wallops Flight Facility in Virginia, will carry IceBridge's most comprehensive instrument suite: a scanning laser altimeter that measures surface elevation, three types of radar systems to study ice layers and the bedrock underneath the ice sheet, a high - resolution camera to create color maps of polar ice, and infrared cameras to measure surface temperatures of sea and land ice.

Very little happening in summer itself (as expected) as the melting ice surface and heat sensible heat gain in the mixed layer limit the surface air temperature change.