Sentences with phrase «ice surfaces all»

As I read that paper, albedo is held at a fix value for a given latitude, not including ice surfaces and that ground temperature is set to track bottom of the atmosphere temperature with a lag of 10 minutes.

GEM does not adsorb on ice surfaces, as demonstrated by both field and laboratory measurements (34, 35), and we showed that present chemical processes in the shallow firn do not perturb the long - term record of past atmospheric GEM (21).

Sun angles are the same as in the Arctic, but the albedo is much higher because of the permanent snow and ice surfaces.

In the Arctic atmosphere, black carbon absorbs heat from the sun and reflected heat from the snow and ice doubling the warming impact when it settles on the snow and ice surfaces.

Algae grow on other ice surfaces in areas such as the Himalayas, where they reside on water - producing glaciers.

Allen also led his own project on the albedo of snow and ice on the icefield, engaging students to measure the brightness and reflectance of different snow and ice surfaces.

Dr. Bruce Kay and his colleagues are applying and extending molecular - beam surface scattering techniques to ice surfaces to examine the chemical kinetics and reaction dynamics of molecular processes occurring both on the surface and within the bulk of amorphous and crystalline ice films.

Satellite observations from NASA's ICESat - 1, which measures how much ice surfaces are rising or falling over time, revealed that Totten Glacier was thinning rapidly.

Quantitative analysis has evidenced the acceleration system of melting ice: dark water surfaces absorb more heat than white ice surfaces, thus melting ice and making more water surfaces in the Arctic Ocean.

For nearly 40 years Frank J. Zamboni's funny - looking invention has been refinishing ice surfaces all over the world

The event drew stars like Tampa Bay Lightning forward Steven Stamkos and Montreal Canadiens sharpshooter Mike Cammalleri, who, alongside a group of the league's most promising prospects, all paid for the opportunity to press iron, grunt through excruciating exercises and run skating drills on the storied ice surface at Toronto's St. Michael's College School Arena.

The study suggests that up until 1997, whenever the ice caps and glaciers melted, the runoff would be filtered through a layer of older snow called the «firn» and trickle down to the ice surface, where it would freeze again, allowing the glaciers and ice caps to grow each winter.

Just as fresh atmospheric conditions mean that the ice surface must first be tested afresh to see if it can be judged as safe, so our knowledge and working conclusions must be continually re-tested in the light of fresh data to see if we may still trust ourselves to them.

City Park has the largest artificial ice surface in Europe; and it is also the home of the Vajdahunyad Castle, the Gundel Restaurant, the zoo and grand circus and the famous Széchenyi Thermal Bath.

A goalie has to be locked in for 60 + minutes, following the puck every square inch on the ice surface.

Stockton will play it's next game on the ice surface and I can only imagine that it is going to be pure chaos.

NHL games will be played with more dispatch in coming seasons, but $ 125 rinkside seats won't be removed to expand the ice surface to Olympic size (15 feet wider than NHL arenas), the three 100 - second TV timeouts per period won't disappear, and despite a growing sentiment among players, including Mario Lemieux, that removing the red line would enhance the flow of the game, this is a back - burner issue.

A laser altimeter onboard the ICESat satellite had documented the thinning of glaciers feeding into Larsen B and Scar Inlet — as indicated by lowering of the ice surface — but the altimeter had fizzled out earlier that year.

But a new study in Nature Communications provides a new hypothesis based on the character of the impurities on the ice surface itself.

The ice algae seem to be one of the major players in this scheme — even the slight increase of the atmospheric temperature and liquid water production seems to promote algae colonization across the ice surface.

«Everywhere the ice surface was melting I could see a mauve colour,» he says.

The apparent absence of lakes in Greenland had previously been explained by the fact that steeper ice surface in Greenland leads to any water below the ice being «squeezed out» to the margin.

It maps the depths and reflectivity of meltwater on the ice surface and is a one - of - a-kind piece of equipment built for this very specific application.

On 8 July, 40 per cent of the ice surface was wet; by 12 July, the fraction of wet ice had soared to 97 per cent (see image).

Tulaczyk's team installed instruments on the ice surface above Lake Whillans to monitor movement of the ice sheet.

Last December, the Hubble telescope found hints of water vapor venting from Europa's surface, suggesting that the ice surface is thin and dynamic.

Unlike «snow ice,» which forms when melting snow refreezes on an existing ice surface, congelation ice contains very few bubbles.

But DeConto says that Hindmarsh's work predicts future ice loss based on what's happened so far, and doesn't take into account processes like ice surface melt that haven't kicked in yet.

The instrument sends down radar waves, which reflect off of the ice surface, layers inside the ice sheet and bedrock back to the instrument, giving researchers a three - dimensional view.

Very little happening in summer itself (as expected) as the melting ice surface and heat sensible heat gain in the mixed layer limit the surface air temperature change.

«Any photosynthetic system on Europa would have to live at a depth removed from the high radiation bombarding the ice surface and still get light,» Baross says.

However, ice is a poor conductor so, unless ice is very thin or the geothermal heat flux very high, tends not to influence melt at the ice surface.

This should chew up any DNA from dust on the ice surface.

Through observing the rising and falling of ice surface elevation, researchers have found that 124 of these lakes fill and drain on timescales of months to years.

Ian found that the ice surface was lowering, with lowering increasing downslope (4).

Increased atmospheric temperatures lead to surface melting and ponding on the ice surface.

At FMI algorithms and procedures have been developed for producing daily thin ice thickness (< 0.5 m) charts for the Arctic in wintertime based on ice surface temperature which is retrieved from the thermal infrared data of the MODIS spectrometer.

City Park has the largest artificial ice surface in Europe; and it is also the home of the Vajdahunyad Castle, the Gundel Restaurant, the zoo and grand circus and the famous Széchenyi Thermal Bath.

The first is a patented outer layer that liquefies on contact and rapidly melts the ice surface.

The Super Mario All - Stars versions of Super Mario Bros. and Super Mario Bros.: The Lost Levels would retroactively decorate some levels with fallen snow, but this world came several years beforehand, and introduced a hazard that would not be found in its remade predecessors: The slippery ice surface, which made getting solid footing extra-treacherous.

If I assume surface melting of 1M / year over the interior, say 500e3 KM ** 2 due to warmer climate & darker ice surface (old wet ice versus clean dry snow) that would contribute 1.4 mm / year to sea levels.

Very little happening in summer itself (as expected) as the melting ice surface and heat sensible heat gain in the mixed layer limit the surface air temperature change.

When attempts were made to update the record by redrilling in 1991, it was found that the annual cycle had been wiped out over the top 20 meters of the core by percolation of meltwater from extensive melting of the ice surface since 1976.

There is even a biological component whereby bacterial communities can darken the ice surface during the melt season.

Causing a wall of new ice shingles 1 Km wide, 10 meters above the ice surface, as long as the eye can see.

The no CHW and surface CHW simulations significantly underestimate observed ice surface velocities in both epochs.

In 1993 the terminus was advancing (I walked from grass - covered moraines onto the ice surface) but all the water from the snout was flowing back up - glacier.

Are there measured areas where the ice surface altitude is less than this ratio?

Despite the warmer climate during the Eemian, when seas were roughly 4 to 8 meters, or 13 to 26 feet, higher than today, the ice surface in the vicinity of the coring project was only a few hundred meters lower than its present level.

Can someone confirm that my reasoning is correct, and give me an idea of when the sudden change in 2008 ice surface area is likely to occur?