Sentences with phrase «ice thickness from»

The updated prediction of ice thickness from the PIOMAS model, submitted by Zhang, continues to show an ice - free Northwest Passage (Figure 2a).

Figure 3: Average ice thickness from 21st March — 17th April 2017, as estimated by the radar sensor aboard CryoSat - 2.

Sea ice thickness from the ESA CryoSat - 2 altimeter, provided by NSIDC and Nathan Kurtz at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.

Our method uses estimates of ice thickness from a coupled ice - ocean model as predictors for a statistical forecast of the minimum ice extent in September.

And for years nuclear submarines (Russian, American and British) have been measuring ice thickness from the bottom, using their sonar.

• Calibrate the retrospective simulations of ice thickness from our numerical model against the aggregate of all the observation systems by removing the mean difference between the model and the observations to create a Calibrated Model Ice Thickness Record.

While sea ice thickness observations are sparse, here we utilize the ocean and sea ice model, PIOMAS (Zhang and Rothrock, 2003), to visualize mean sea ice thickness from 1979 to 2018.

Wadhams (University of Cambridge); 4.1; Heuristic Based on recent EM measurements of first year ice thickness merged into probability density functions of ice thickness from recent submarine voyage and subtracting an assumed summer melt of up to 2 m.

The DM model has been validated using independent estimates of ice type from QuikSCAT (e.g., Nghiem et al. 2007) and in situ observations of ice thickness from submarines, electromagnetic sensors, etc. (e.g., Haas et al. 2008; Rigor 2005).

Over the sea ice field the observations include: sea ice freeboard height and hence sea ice thickness from radar altimetry; sea ice surface temperature and sea ice drift from respectively infrared radiometer and imaging spectrometer under cloud free conditions.

Scientists from the University of Erlangen - Nuremberg Institute of Geography and from the Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Gophysique de l'Environnement in Grenoble, France, used radar data from satellites such as ESA's Envisat and observations of ice thickness from airborne surveys in a complex model to demonstrate, for the first time, how the buttressing role of the ice shelves is being compromised as the shelves decline.

Inferring Histories of Accumulation, Ice Flow, and Ice Thickness from Internal Layers in Ice Sheets.

ICESat - 2 will add to our understanding of Arctic sea ice by measuring sea ice thickness from space, providing scientists more complete information about the volume of sea ice in the Arctic and Southern oceans.

Not exact matches

The study uses data from two NASA missions — Operation IceBridge, which measures ice thickness and gravity from aircraft, and Oceans Melting Greenland, or OMG, which uses sonar and gravity instruments to map the shape and depth of the seafloor close to the ice front.

Millan, a UCI graduate student researcher in Earth system science, and his colleagues analyzed 20 major outlet glaciers in southeast Greenland using high - resolution airborne gravity measurements and ice thickness data from NASA's Operation IceBridge mission; bathymetry information from NASA's Oceans Melting Greenland project; and results from the BedMachine version 3 computer model, developed at UCI.

• From 1976 to 1999 the average thickness of ice in the Arctic Ocean had dropped 43 percent.

«We needed measurements from an airplane to measure the thickness of the ice.

the south - bound expedition had cleared that vast plain of floating ice which flows down from the great mountains of the interior and covers the southern part of Ross Sea throughout an area above 20,000 square miles with an ice sheet approximately 800 feet in thickness, and had begun to climb the heights which form the mountainous embayment at the head of Ross Sea.

«The ice shelf generally breaks at points that are between a half and full thickness of the ice sheet from the edge,» summarises Christmann.

After compiling 10 floe - scale maps of the ice from the Weddell, Bellingshausen, and the Wilkes Land regions of the continent, the researchers found that the sea ice thickness tended to be highly variable, with many ridges and valleys, they report online today in Nature Geoscience.

Initial interpretations of data from Cassini flybys of Enceladus estimated that the thickness of its ice shell ranged from 30 to 40 km at the south pole to 60 km at the equator.

Researchers from Norway and China have collaborated on developing an autonomous buoy with instruments that can more precisely measure the optical properties of Arctic sea ice while also taking measurements of ice thickness and temperature.

Ambient geothermal heat emanating up from the seafloor melts the underside of the ice sheet at a rate of several penny thicknesses per year.

The lakes are fed by geothermal heat that seeps up from the Earth's interior, melting away the bottom of the ice sheet at a rate of several dime - thicknesses per year and liberating water from the ice.

For their work Maksym and co-investigators Guy Williams from the University of Hobart, Tasmania and Jeremy Wilkinson of the British Antarctic Survey in Cambridge, UK, used a robot known as an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) to cruise under ice in three regions near the coast and measure the thickness directly over a much larger area.

Hu's experiments, for example, show everything from the thickness of ice as it flows over a wing, the heat transfer of individual water droplets as they freeze, the irregular speed of freezing droplets on a wing or blade and the finger - like patterns of ice formation.

While bristling over the personal nature of Greenberg's attack, he insists that he is far from dogmatic on the issue of ice thickness.

Aeolian deposition is responsible for sorting and transporting lithogenic matter (primarily sand - and clay - sized particles), containing microbial cells from the surrounding desert environments (soils, ephemeral streams, glaciers, etc.) onto the ice covers that range in thickness from 3 to 20 meters.

Ice originating from the Arctic Ocean showed a mean thickness of more than three metres on average.

Rising polar temperatures caused the average thickness of winter Arctic sea ice to decrease from about 12 feet to 6 feet between 1978 and 2008, and thinner ice melts more readily.

Using all available geologic, tectonic and geothermal heat flux data for Greenland — along with geothermal heat flux data from around the globe — the team deployed a machine learning approach that predicts geothermal heat flux values under the ice sheet throughout Greenland based on 22 geologic variables such as bedrock topography, crustal thickness, magnetic anomalies, rock types and proximity to features like trenches, ridges, young rifts, volcanoes and hot spots.

The researchers combined data gathered from the buoys between 2002 and 2015 with satellite estimates of ice thickness in this region to better understand changes affecting the Arctic Ocean in recent years.

On Titan, the largest features may be made by changes in the thickness of its ice shell due to tidal forces from Saturn.

Khan and his colleagues combined GNET data with ice thickness measurements taken by four different satellites: the Airborne Topographic Mapper (ATM), the Ice, Cloud and Land Elevation Satellite (ICESat), and the Land, Vegetation and Ice Sensor (LVIS) from NASA; and the Environmental Satellite (ENVISAT) from the European Space Agenice thickness measurements taken by four different satellites: the Airborne Topographic Mapper (ATM), the Ice, Cloud and Land Elevation Satellite (ICESat), and the Land, Vegetation and Ice Sensor (LVIS) from NASA; and the Environmental Satellite (ENVISAT) from the European Space AgenIce, Cloud and Land Elevation Satellite (ICESat), and the Land, Vegetation and Ice Sensor (LVIS) from NASA; and the Environmental Satellite (ENVISAT) from the European Space AgenIce Sensor (LVIS) from NASA; and the Environmental Satellite (ENVISAT) from the European Space Agency.

From an altitude of just over 700 km, CryoSat will precisely monitor changes in the thickness of sea ice and variations in the thickness of the ice sheets on land.

As significant uncertainties about the thickness of the surface ice still exist, some planetary scientists have identified two possible mechanisms for how possible volcanic heat can escape to the surface from Europa's rocky mantle and be carried upward by buoyant oceanic currents.

The following site states German researchers from the Alfred - Wegener - Institute for Polar and Marine Research found that mean ice thickness in September 2007 is 1 metre, down by half from 2001.

One example offered in their paper is typical: On Oct 3, 2015, an NSF / NCAR research aircraft took off from southern Chile and flew south to measure the thickness of the Antarctic ice shelf.

Level 2 data represent geolocated geophysical properties (e.g ice thickness), derived from Level 1B measurements (e.g. radar echo delay).

Antarctic ice shelf thickness changes calculated from ICEsat data.

First, we expect the ice thickness distribution in April 30 from redistribution (divergence / convergence) of sea ice during December and April, based on the daily ice velocity data.

Finnish Meteorological Institute has been doing estimates of two essential sea ice parameters — namely, sea ice concentration (SIC) and sea ice thickness (SIT)-- for the Bohai Sea using a combination of a thermodynamic sea ice model and Earth observation (EO) data from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and microwave radiometer.

The thickness of the remaining, multi-year ice, along with its geographic location, will make it more difficult to melt than the ice that was spread across the Arctic, and exposed to Pacific and Atlantic ocean currents, along with runoff from fresh water rivers.

At FMI algorithms and procedures have been developed for producing daily thin ice thickness (< 0.5 m) charts for the Arctic in wintertime based on ice surface temperature which is retrieved from the thermal infrared data of the MODIS spectrometer.

«He has pioneered the use of AUVs (autonomous underwater vehicles) to measure under - ice topography and has worked with the Royal Navy since the 1970s in carrying out ice thickness measurement work from Navy submarines on Arctic deployments.»

So what we need is detailed topo maps of the bed and thickness of the GIS, and to work out a map of the «net buoyancy», or some such (i.e. total ice area density subtracted from the area density of a hypothetical column of water resting on the bed and extending up to sea level).

Progress towards establishing ice thickness records from satellite (ICESat, Envisat, and CryoSat - 2) will change this over time, but these sources won't yield a record before these measurements began and satellite retrievals of ice thickness have their own issues.

... the confusion came most likely from a confusion in definitions of what is the permanent ice sheet, and what are glaciers, with the «glaciers» being either dropped from the Atlas entirely or colored brown (instead of white)... there is simply no measure — neither thickness nor areal extent — by which Greenland can be said to have lost 15 % of its ice.

They have several ice thickness measurements varying from just 6 points (1990) to more than dozen.

Miller, P. A., S. W. Laxon, and D. L. Feltham (2007), Consistent and contrasting decadal Arctic sea ice thickness predictions from a highly optimized sea ice model, J. Geophys.