Chlorine monoxide, which is produced by a similar series of reactions involving
icy particles in the stratosphere, is blamed for the springtime depletion of ozone above Antarctica.
Carolyn Porco, leader of the Cassini imaging team, says the ring pictures may even help us figure out how Earth formed: «If we understand how
icy particles in the outer solar system behave, then we can refine our understanding of how the early solar system formed from that same material.»
Not exact matches
One way to study the solar system's formative period is to look for samples of small crystalline
particles that were formed at high temperatures but now exist
in icy comets.
On September 13 and 14, Cassini took a last look around the Saturn system's greatest hits, taking a color mosaic image of Saturn and the rings, a movie sequence of Enceladus setting behind Saturn, Titan and tiny moonlets
in the rings that pull the
icy ring
particles around themselves to form features called propellers.
The comet is
icy, but it contains
particles that appear to have formed
in a hot zone.
Planets shrouded
in clouds full of
icy particles, like Venus and Jupiter, for instance, are very reflective.
What little rocky material occurs
in today's ring system probably is the debris of collisions between
icy ring
particles and asteroids and comets swept up by the planet's huge gravitational field, says Canup.
New measurements indicate that charged
particles are raining down from the
icy rings, painting dark stripes
in Saturn's upper atmosphere.
The temperature of the stratosphere is one of the key factors
in the springtime depletion of ozone above the Antarctic where
in winter it gets colder than anywhere else on Earth, encouraging
icy particles to form
in polar stratospheric clouds.
The
icy moons that inhabit the main radiation belts continuously absorb energetic
particles at their orbits, separating
in this way the ionic radiation belts and producing «sweeping corridors» (Kollmann et al. 2013; Kotova et al. 2015).
A paper published this week
in Astrophysical Journal, led by Open University academics, has examined the exact structure and behaviour of the
icy particles that collide and grow at the onset of planet - formation,
in a series of revealing experiments at the UK's world - leading neutron source, ISIS.
Our laboratory experiments show that methyl isocyanate can indeed be produced on
icy particles under very cold conditions that are similar to those
in interstellar space This implies that this molecule — and thus the basis for peptide bonds — is indeed likely to be present near most new young solar - type stars,» said Niels Ligterink at the Leiden Observatory
in the Netherlands.
NASA's Cassini spacecraft discovered hydrogen
in the plume of gas and
icy particles spraying from Saturn's moon Enceladus.
From the tall mountains and
icy lakes, to the
particles of snow
in the ground and trees, every landscape is so visually stunning and incredibly detailed that you will often find yourself stopping to just observe the environmental beauty around you.