Low scattered - light capability with coronagraphy and high - resolution spectroscopy enables to visualize neutral atmosphere and plasmas escaping from
icy satellites of Jupiter and Saturn as well as Io that has active volcanoes.
The interiors of
the icy satellites of giant planets, such as in Jupiter's moon Europa, have conditions where carbonic acid could form.
Using computer modeling, chemists from MIPT and Skoltech (the Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology) have found out which molecules may be present in the interiors of Uranus, Neptune, and
the icy satellites of the giant planets.
Not exact matches
Launched in October 1997, the Cassini mission to Saturn included a sophisticated robotic spacecraft that orbited the ringed planet and provided streams
of data about its rings, magnetosphere, moon Titan and
icy satellites.
In spite
of the
icy temperatures in the region,
satellite images depict a large ice - free area in the middle
of the ice cover.
But another
of Jupiter's
satellites,
icy Europa, is a contender, as are Enceladus and the largest
of Saturn's moons, Titan.
Nobody had ever thought
of this roughly 300 - mile - wide
icy satellite as anything special — until the Cassini spacecraft witnessed geysers
of water vapor blowing out from its surface.
However, there were other possible sources
of water: interplanetary dust particles produced by cometary activity and asteroid collisions,
icy rings, or one
of the 60 Jovian
satellites.
These forces occur on Earth in glacial ice as it flows due to gravity, and in space as
icy satellite bodies, such as the moons
of Jupiter and Saturn, respond to tidal forces from their parent bodies.
Ice shells
of icy satellites can have warm interiors — approximately 0 degrees C — but surface temperatures as low as -200 degrees C -LRB--330 F), like on Saturn's moon Enceladus, though the team's apparatus does not reach that extremely low temperature.
In the future, Stern said higher - resolution
satellite microwave data might come in handy when studying the interactions
of Arctic marine mammals with their
icy habitat.
As a researcher at Brown University in the late 1990s, Pappalardo worked on the Galileo mission when the first detailed pictures
of the planet's
icy satellites were beamed back to Earth.
After decades
of riding icebreakers in Antarctica's
icy waters hoping to better understand the fragile ecosystem on and around this frigid continent scientists have begun delegating data collection to
satellite - guided robotic subs.
The large
satellites of Uranus show unique geologic features we'd like to understand (such as the tortured - looking surface
of Miranda, a small moon with the tallest cliff in the Solar System), while Neptune's
satellite Triton is thought to be a captured Kuiper Belt object, similar to Pluto, potentially harboring an ocean under its
icy surface.
Of that, $ 175 million is directed to the new Europa mission, plus an additional $ 25 million for «
icy satellites surface technology» development.
Also on the chopping block, according to The Verge, would be a proposed mission to place a lander on Jupiter's moon Europa — although the Europa Clipper mission, which will conduct a flyby
of the
icy satellite, remains a go.
Citing Mars sample return, an upcoming mission to Jupiter's ocean - harboring moon Europa and possible future probes that could visit other
icy satellites, Maynard engaged the audience
of scientists with the stated intent
of changing how they think about the process.
For example, Cassini discovered that the Saturn
satellite Enceladus is a mini-world
of active jets — geyser - like phenomena that blast out water vapor and ice particles from the huge, salty ocean that lies beneath the moon's
icy crust.
Ganymede is identified for detailed investigation since it provides a natural laboratory for analysis
of the nature, evolution and potential habitability
of icy worlds in general, and also because
of the role it plays within the system
of Galilean
satellites, and its unique magnetic and plasma interactions with the surrounding Jovian environment.
The focus
of JUICE is to characterise the conditions that may have led to the emergence
of habitable environments among the Jovian
icy satellites, with special emphasis on the three ocean - bearing worlds, Ganymede, Europa, and Callisto.
Analysis
of movement data from mark - recapture studies and tracking
of adult female bears with
satellite radio collars indicated that there are two populations
of polar bears in the area, one that inhabits the west coast
of Banks Island and Amundsen Gulf and a second that is resident along the mainland coast from about Baillie Islands in Canada to approximately
Icy Cape in Alaska.
A new study published in Nature Geoscience details how analysts were able to estimate the extent
of Greenland's sub-surface ice despite the fact that conventional radar pinging and
satellite readings are incapable
of measuring to great depths along the
icy coast.
Cooper, J.F., R.E. Johnson, B.H. Mauk, H.B. Garrett, and N. Gehrels, 2001: Energetic ion and electron irradiation
of the
icy Galilean
satellites.