The now - outdated dominance theory
of dog training was based on the
idea that
dogs travel in hierarchical (
alpha, beta, et al) packs like wild wolves do.
The
idea that humans should exert physical control over animals was first widely - popularized in the 1970s in the book «How To Be Your
Dog's Best Friend» by the Monks
of New Skete, which recommended the «
alpha roll» to deal with undesired behaviors.