Bacteria expressing enzyme in one cell (bright green), while genetically
identical cells do not, remaining protected from antibiotic onslaught; image courtesy of Yuichi Wakamoto / Neeraj Dhar / John McKinney Some strains of nasty bacterial infections, such as MRSA (methicillin - resistant Staphylococcus aureus), come loaded with resistance to antibiotics built right into their genes.
Not exact matches
Gabriela Cabral explains: «When a stem
cell divides, it doesn't produce two
identical daughter
cells as normal
cells do.
If each
cell is genetically
identical, however, how
does it grow to be a skin, blood, nerve, bone or other type of
cell?
One of the central mysteries of biology is why the genome is largely
identical from
cell to
cell, even though
cells do different things.
Brain
cells in those areas
did not have
identical DNA.
«It's one set of genetically
identical cells that are in communication with one another that have a sort of common purpose or at least can coordinate themselves to
do something,» Volk explains.
The ability to up - regulate endothelial
cell adhesion molecules after exposure to cytokines was unaffected by repeated subculturing of
cells, because we noted
identical staining patterns for passage 30
cells (we
did attempt to extend this observation to include later passage
cells).
Even though different
cell types were used as the initial starting materials, and they were made to produce different sets of proteins, both groups identified and isolated
cells nearly
identical to human embryonic stem
cells, and
did so in the same timeframe.
The team found that all pluripotent stem
cells are not
identical, but
did not differ by how they originated.
Furthermore, the gene - activity profiles of the first - generation iPS
cells were similar, but not
identical, to those of ES
cells — and chemical marks called methyl groups on the DNA
did not exactly reflect those on ES
cells either.