Sabeti's technique
identifies versions of genes that have been created by random mutation and then retained — because they give their owners some natural advantage over individuals who do not have the mutation.
On page 386, scientists
identify a version of a gene that plays a small but significant role in whether or not people get depressed in response to life stresses.
Not exact matches
Researchers from the Quadram Institute have
identified genes encoding a previously undiscovered
version of the botulinum neurotoxin in bacteria from a cow's gut.
When the scientists looked for the human
version of the newly
identified fly marker for sleep deprivation, they found ITGA5 and realized it hadn't been among the human immune
genes they screened at the start
of the study.
In addition, says Smith, the mismatched probes should prove useful in assessing the compatibility
of an organ donor and a recipient, by allowing researchers to quickly
identify which
version of the complicated HLA
gene each person possesses.
Once a mutation is observed and a
gene is
identified as being responsible, biologists will knock out that
gene and introduce different
versions of it to see what phenotypes they can induce.
Taking advantage
of these «simplified»
versions of melanoma, the researchers
identified a dozen
of new
genes that are likely to play key roles in the initiation and / or progression
of human melanoma.
The process
of figuring out which
of these genetic differences lie on each chromosome is called haplotyping, and it's an important step toward
identifying which
version of a
gene may cause disease.
Just like how a light can be controlled by multiple switches to influence its intensity and colour, the team
identified hundreds
of genes controlled by multiple promoters, causing alternate
versions of that
gene to be produced.
The
gene versions identified in the paper are «accounting for so little
of the variance that they're not telling us much
of anything,» says differential developmental psychologist Wendy Johnson
of the University
of Edinburgh.
Through its population genetics research in Iceland, deCODE
identified common
versions of the
gene encoding EP3 (the PTGER3
gene) that confer increase in risk
of PAOD.