Products that
contain imidacloprid with permethrin (K - 9 Advantix, for dogs only) or spinosad (Comfortis for dogs) also are available.
Manufacturers of flea treatments, including Bayer Pet, are actually using a synthetic nicotine called
imidacloprid in their highly effective treatments.
Advantage Multi ® combines moxidectin
with imidacloprid, the flea - killing ingredient in Advantage ®, to create a broad spectrum anti-parasite product for both dogs and cats.
To minimize potential toxic effects, care should be taken to avoid using multiple products with the same mechanism of action (e.g., neonicotinoids, such
as imidacloprid and dinotefuran, share similar modes of action).
«This is likely to have a substantial population - level impact,» the researchers note, adding that, «We predict that impacts of
imidacloprid on reproduction of wild bumble bee colonies are likely to be widespread and significant, particularly as this chemical is registered for use on over 140 crops in over 120 countries.»
Derek wanted to see how much of an insecticide
called imidacloprid (Ih - mid-ah-KLOH-prid) might end up in guttation water.
Produced by Bayer Pharma to compete with Pfizer Pharma's Revolution, Advantage Multi ® aka aka Advocate Spot On ® is a product which
combines imidacloprid for flea control and moxidectin for heartworm prevention in one product.
In lab studies, researchers captured wild white - crowned sparrows, Zonotrichia leucophrys, that were migrating north and fed them small doses of
imidacloprid for three days — the amount that birds would get from eating a few pesticide - coated wheat seeds.
Therapy and Prevention of Parasitic Insects in Veterinary Medicine
using Imidacloprid Dermal application (10 % spot - on) to pregnant or lactating bitches up to three times the recommended dosage twice two to four weeks apart did not cause any side effects at various stages of lactation and gestation.
A special statement by Wageningen University, released on Sunday, says neonicotines
like imidacloprid «could still play an important role in the complex of factors» behind CCD.
Acaricide and Flumethrin effectively kill ticks and their larvae while
Imidacloprid does the same thing towards fleas.
This Tuesday, the competent expert committee of the EU member states in Brussels voted on proposals of the European Commission for the ban on the three
neonicotinoids imidacloprid, clothianidin and thiamethoxam.
Yet even after France
banned imidacloprid in 1999, honeybee populations in France continued to plummet, according to Decourtye's collaborator Nicolas Desneux of the University of Minnesota.
Then, they incubated each cell line with a helping of either mildly toxic thiacloprid or super
toxic imidacloprid.
The recommended dose of Advantage Multi for cats and kittens is 4.5 mg /
lb imidacloprid and 0.45 mg / lb moxidectin.
In rats, a two - generation feeding study found that rats
fed imidacloprid gave birth to smaller offspring; their weight was reduced at a dose of 19 mg / kg per day.
The first active ingredient,
imidacloprid affects the flea's nervous system, causing paralysis and eventual death of the flea.
The mechanism of action of K9 Advantix II is inherent in the action of its 3 principal
ingredients imidacloprid, permethrin, and pyriproxifen.
The researchers theorize that the decline is occurring not because the birds
ingest imidacloprid, but because the pesticide wipes out the insects that nine of the 15 bird species rely upon for food.
To
indict imidacloprid, she'd also like to see the researchers get a solid gauge of how much of the insecticide the bees had actually carried into the hive and then consumed.
He is focusing on a class of insecticides called neonicotinoids, and in
particular imidacloprid, which is used to coat sunflower seeds and then suffuses the plants» tissues as they grow.
That paper, published in PLoS ONE by Junko Kimura - Kuroda of the Toyko Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, and colleagues, found that both acetamiprid and
imidacloprid triggered similar effects in cultures of rat neurons as are seen with nicotine.
Neonicotinoid chemicals have been a controversial subject this year, after the EFSA in January
linked imidacloprid and two other «neo-nics» to declines in bee health.
An additional 10 trees each of «Sugar Belle / Sour Orange» and «Tango / Kuharske» were included, all
receiving imidacloprid.
Both fipronil and
imidacloprid negatively affected the mitochondrial bioenergetics of the head and thorax of the honeybees.
In stark contrast to other studies,
where imidacloprid and thiamethoxam were found to be toxic to bumblebee colonies, this study raises the possibility that clothianidin may not exert the same sub-lethal effects on bumblebee learning and memory and so might not be toxic to bumblebee colonies.
«Models can be useful... but I'm not sure a study like this can give us the definitive answer that thiacloprid is preferred
over imidacloprid.»
After imidacloprid showed up in the water — which would have happened only after farmers started using the chemical on their crops — bird numbers began to fall.
And the
more imidacloprid in local streams, the bigger a decline in birds compared to the last year.
In fact, according to data from the United States Department of Agriculture,
imidacloprid residues can be found in as many as three in every four conventionally grown heads of lettuce and broccoli.
Fipronil will last up to three months with one application and
imidacloprid lasts a month with one application.
Recently, in an experimental study (not from my group; it will be published soon) dogs were treated with moxi /
imidacloprid per labeled dosage for 10 months and with 10 mg of doxycycline BID orally for 30 days.
Although Imidacloprid has been around for more than 30 years, it remains one of the most popular and most effective treatments against fleas.
Permethrin is another adulticide that also kill ticks,
since imidacloprid doesn't affect ticks.