Additional potential benefits of immersion were noted in studies that did not distinguish between women undergoing
immersion during the first stage of labor, second stage of labor, or both.
The 2009 Cochrane systematic review found no increase in maternal infections (RR, 0.99; 95 % CI, 0.50 — 1.96; five trials) with
immersion during the first stage of labor.
Not exact matches
Outcomes indicating safety or risk in association with
immersion at one
stage of labor may not translate into equivalent outcomes at a different
stage of labor; specifically, outcomes
during the
first stage of labor may not be the same as outcomes associated with birth under water.