ms approach, this study investigated contextual influences on
immigrant and refugee gang involvement across three ecological systems (i.e., ontogenic system, microsystem, and exosystem).
Applying a developmental ecological systems approach, this study investigated contextual influences on
immigrant and refugee gang involvement across three ecological systems (i.e., ontogenic system, microsystem, and exosystem).
Not exact matches
Immigrant and refugee youth are at elevated risk for joining
gangs, which, in turn, is associated with a host of maladaptive outcomes.
Participants included 81
immigrant and refugee youth aged 12 — 20 years (M age = 15.68; 54.3 % female) who completed self - report questionnaires assessing
gang involvement
and multiple risk
and protective factors.
Previous literature on risk
and protective factors for
immigrant and refugee youth
gang involvement has been inconclusive.