The process of non-voluntary immigration, transitioning and acculturating to a new country may have a negative impact on the mental health of
immigrants.1 — 3 Postmigration factors (eg, stress, lack of social capital, social isolation and loss of social network) as well as acculturation problems and experiences of discrimination in the host country affect the mental health of the parents and the
children.4 5 Moreover,
immigrant parents face challenges concerning their role and responsibilities as parents while
adjusting to the host country, all of which tend to create stress in parenting.1 3 6 The mental health problems of parents have been reported to be a risk factor for
children's behavioural problems and may negatively affect the parent —
child attachment and their relationship.7 8 Studies have also shown that parents with mental health problems have a low perceived sense of competence in parenting and may lack the ability to employ positive parenting practises.9 10
After adjustment for confounders, the stratum - specific
adjusted odds ratios (95 % CI) of
child mental health conditions related to a one - level decline in parent mental health were: 1.44 (1.35 — 1.55) for non-Hispanic whites, 1.24 (1.06 — 1.46) for non-Hispanic blacks, 1.04 (0.81 — 1.32) for Hispanics from non-
immigrant families, 1.21 (0.96 — 1.93) for Hispanics from
immigrant families, and 1.43 (1.21 — 1.70) for non-Hispanic otherrace
children.