When digestive remnants that are foreign to the body overload the usual
mechanisms for trapping and
breaking them down in the gut, innate
immune mechanisms mobilize to recycle them.
Proteolytic enzymes such as papain, bromelain, trypsin and chymotrypsin promote healing by supporting the production of cytokines, activating
immune system proteins such as alpha -2-macroglobulins,
breaking down fibrinogen and slowing the clotting
mechanism (30).