Sentences with phrase «immune system cells called»

Inflammatory Bowel Disease or IBD is an immune system disorder common in PWDs in which the intestinal lining becomes overrun with immune system cells called lymphocytes and plasmacytes.

In their latest work, reported online in the Journal of Clinical Investigation, the scientists analyzed blood from such mice and identified two types of autoimmune response directed specifically against the protein, with the first response directed by a specialized kind of immune system cells called T cells and the second by antibodies.

Without it, immune system cells called T cells, B cells and natural killer cells do not develop normally.

This makes it impossible for sugars on the surface of immune system cells called T cells to attach in multiple spots at once and trigger inflammation.

The study included 124 newly diagnosed patients at 25 clinical trial sites in the U.S. Two - thirds of the patients were treated with ICT - 107, an experimental vaccine based on immune system cells called dendritic cells that were exposed to six synthetic proteins, or antigens, known to be involved in GBM development.

In a related paper published online today in Nature Biotechnology, Konrad Hochedlinger of the Harvard Stem Cell Institute in Cambridge and his colleagues compared the gene expression patterns in mouse iPS cells derived from white blood cells, muscle precursor cells, immune system cells called B cells, and fibroblasts taken from tail tips.

Not exact matches

The athletic adults also appeared to have healthier and younger - looking immune systems, at least when it came to an organ called the thymus that's responsible for generating key immune cells called T cells.

Hoping to learn something about how the human body defends itself against cancer, he had zeroed in on a complex regiment of lymphocytes called T cells, common to the immune systems in both mouse and man.

Tesaro has a coveted position as a leader in the so - called immuno - oncology sector, which harnesses the body's own immune system to combat cancer cells.

Health service chief calls for affordable access to CAR - T, which modifies immune system to destroy cancer cells

A decade ago a drug based on an internal protein of the flu virus, called NP (for nucleoprotein), set the immune system's killer T cells into action, but it only partially protected mice from the flu.

For unknown reasons our immune system attacks healthy cells, tissues and organs in a process called autoimmunity, which can result in diseases such as multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes, lupus or rheumatoid arthritis.

The treatment, called CAR - T immunotherapy, uses genetically engineered T cells, immune system fighters usually tasked with identifying invaders in the body,...

The immune system depends on molecules called T cell receptors on the surface of T cells to recognize and respond to foreign antigens from virus - infected cells, tumors and other threats.

But during pregnancy, the fetus is protected from the mother's immune system by the placenta, which has specialized cells — called trophoblasts — that can burrow into the mother's body without exciting an attack by the immune system.

In this study, the SIgN team discovered for the first time that the integrity of p53 affects the production of a special cell surface protein called Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class I. MHC class I molecules on the cancer cell surface serve as targets for the immune system.

«We found that a protein expressed by gut bacteria called Bacteroides works to prevent IBD by rapidly recruiting white blood cells to kill a cell of the immune system that is responsible for orchestrating IBD,» says McCoy.

A second type of immune system cell, called regulatory T cells (Tregs), are a model of constancy, remaining stable even as Teffs go into battle mode.

The so - called STEP trial, sponsored by pharmaceutical giant Merck & Co. and the federally funded HIV Vaccine Trials Network (HVTN), was the first to test the idea of stimulating the immune system's killer T cells to hunt for the virus more aggressively, in this case using a weakened form of the cold virus to carry three genes from HIV.

The system, says Brahmer, provides a kind of «handshake» or connection between receptors on immune cells, called PD - 1, and their sister - proteins on tumor cells, called PD - L1.

These peptides also have another critical ability that sets them apart from traditional antibiotics: They can recruit the host's immune system, summoning cells called leukocytes that secrete chemicals that help kill the invading microbes.

Allison's seminal work focuses on a protein called CTLA - 4, which reins in T - cell activation in the immune system.

Dr. Cripe and his colleagues at The Ohio State University, the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center tested how well the oncolytic viral therapy — a cancer - killing form of the herpes simplex virus, called oHSV — infected and killed tumor cells in mice with and without a healthy immune system.

An animal's immune system detects foreign cells by scanning for proteins, called antigens, that stick out from the surface of each cell.

Others include transplanting so - called Schwann cells from peripheral nerves, using growth factors to stimulate nerve growth, and boosting the immune system in the damaged area (New Scientist magazine, 14 August 1999, p 36).

The researchers studied two types of cells called effector T cells, which activate the immune system to defend our body against different pathogens, and regulatory T cells, which help control the immune system and prevent it from attacking healthy parts of its environment.

The patients received biweekly infusions of nivolumab, which is an antibody that blocks a protein called PD - 1 on the surface of immune system T cells.

By manipulating the function of certain immune cells, called T cells, researchers could help restore the system's balance and create new treatments to target these diseases.

Smoke inhibits activity of so called mast cells, which drive the immune system's response to allergens.

Rick Maizels at the University of Edinburgh and his colleagues find that the worms manipulate their hosts into producing cells called regulatory T cells, which calm the immune system.

As part of this system, two enzymes called Rag1 and Rag2 cut apart and rearrange DNA within immune cells, helping to create the body's millions of unique antibodies and T cell receptors — each specific for a particular microbe.

Researchers have identified a group of immune system genes that may play a role in how long people can live after developing a common type of brain cancer called glioblastoma multiforme, a tumor of the glial cells in the brain.

And researchers must figure out how to build in some core features: the necessary blood vessels, immune - system cells called microglia and connections from other brain regions, such as the thalamus and cerebellum.

They are designed to get around one of the ways that cancer protects itself from the immune system: tumors can activate the body's natural protective response from autoimmunity, called a checkpoint, and thereby thwart cytotoxic T cells.

«We have immune cells called T - cells that are really good at killing off cancer cells, but there is an inhibition system in place to prevent autoimmunity,» said the study's senior author Maureen Su, MD, UNC Lineberger member and associate professor in the UNC School of Medicine Division of Pediatric Endocrinology.

And the key to vaccine success is that, afterward, the immune system starts to create fast - response infection fighters called memory cells that will circulate throughout the body and be able to recognize (and fend off) that same pathogen in the future.

The treatment, called CAR - T immunotherapy, uses genetically engineered T cells, immune system fighters usually tasked with identifying invaders in the body, such as bacteria, viruses or foreign cells.

One promising strategy in the fight against cancer is to use the body's own immune system to remove tumor cells, but due to a phenomenon called immune tolerance, the immune system has a difficult time identifying which cells to attack.

But mounting evidence implicates the immune system in the overproduction of cell - signalling molecules called cytokines, which stimulate skin cells called keratinocytes to express genes that maintain an inflammatory microenvironment.

The immune system recognizes transplanted organs as foreign tissue by telltale proteins, called the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), that coat cell surfaces.

Other vaccines in trials target the blood - cell stage, and contain a parasite protein called AMA - 1, meant to prime the body's immune system to attack it.

But before immune - system fighters called T cells will attack foreign tissue, they must first get a confirmation order of sorts: a costimulatory signal.

Cells in the innate immune system respond immediately by secreting inflammatory factors called cytokines to stop the spread of infection.

Increasing expression of a chemical cytokine called LIGHT in mice with colon cancer activated the immune system's natural cancer - killing T - cells and caused primary tumors and metastatic tumors in the liver to shrink.

Non-Hodgkin lymphomas are cancers that affect white blood cells of the immune system called B - lymphocytes or B cells.

«HIV - 1 infects cells of the immune system called CD4 + T cells,» the authors further explain.

Cells called neutrophils, which are considered the immune system's «first line of defense» because they react strongly to foreign invaders that enter the skin through a cut or other injury, were also surprisingly important.

Previous studies in the lab showed that once HCMV is inside the cell, it quickly becomes latent by entering the cell's nucleus and co-opting a cellular protein called Daxx — part of the intrinsic immune system — to shut down its own replication, the process of reproducing its genetic material to make more copies of itself.

According to Simon Rauber, an immunologist in Erlangen and primary author of the study, a previously inadequately studied cell population of the immune system called innate lymphoid cells plays a major role in the resolution of inflammations.

A new class of drugs called immune checkpoint inhibitors block molecules on T cells that shut down immune response, freeing the immune system to attack tumors.