In an attempt to better understand the issues underlying the debate, the researchers evaluated the model used by economists — from central banks to the International Monetary Fund — to predict
the impacts of government spending.
Ministers have always run an eye over the distribution and
impacts of government spending to check where the winners and losers are and have even been known to ensure that the areas which their party represents get a fair share, but the distribution of this # 300m seems a bit skewed to say the least.
«By mid-2020, we will be most vulnerable to the next recession,» Zandi said, pointing to the fading
impact of government spending and tax cuts.
Indeed one is very relieved that the non-oil economy is now growing, even though still below 2.0 % as oil sector effects diffuse through the economy through stability and convergence of FX rates; growing reserves; oil sector procurement; and
the impact of government spending on sectors like construction.
Impact of government spending The biggest unknown factor: What impact — if any — will energy markets feel from trillions of dollars being pumped into the economy by Congress and the Federal Reserve?
«There is a longstanding debate over
the impact of government spending, and people who are very smart disagree — one camp holds that a dollar of spending leads to more than a dollar in GDP growth, while the other camp holds that spending results in less than a dollar in GDP growth,» says Nora Traum, an associate professor of economics at NC State and co-author of a paper describing the work.
«Models that forecast
impact of government spending are easily manipulated.»
Not exact matches
Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those reflected in such forward - looking statements and that should be considered in evaluating our outlook include, but are not limited to, the following: 1) our ability to continue to grow our business and execute our growth strategy, including the timing, execution, and profitability
of new and maturing programs; 2) our ability to perform our obligations under our new and maturing commercial, business aircraft, and military development programs, and the related recurring production; 3) our ability to accurately estimate and manage performance, cost, and revenue under our contracts, including our ability to achieve certain cost reductions with respect to the B787 program; 4) margin pressures and the potential for additional forward losses on new and maturing programs; 5) our ability to accommodate, and the cost
of accommodating, announced increases in the build rates
of certain aircraft; 6) the effect on aircraft demand and build rates
of changing customer preferences for business aircraft, including the effect
of global economic conditions on the business aircraft market and expanding conflicts or political unrest in the Middle East or Asia; 7) customer cancellations or deferrals as a result
of global economic uncertainty or otherwise; 8) the effect
of economic conditions in the industries and markets in which we operate in the U.S. and globally and any changes therein, including fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates; 9) the success and timely execution
of key milestones such as the receipt
of necessary regulatory approvals, including our ability to obtain in a timely fashion any required regulatory or other third party approvals for the consummation
of our announced acquisition
of Asco, and customer adherence to their announced schedules; 10) our ability to successfully negotiate, or re-negotiate, future pricing under our supply agreements with Boeing and our other customers; 11) our ability to enter into profitable supply arrangements with additional customers; 12) the ability
of all parties to satisfy their performance requirements under existing supply contracts with our two major customers, Boeing and Airbus, and other customers, and the risk
of nonpayment by such customers; 13) any adverse
impact on Boeing's and Airbus» production
of aircraft resulting from cancellations, deferrals, or reduced orders by their customers or from labor disputes, domestic or international hostilities, or acts
of terrorism; 14) any adverse
impact on the demand for air travel or our operations from the outbreak
of diseases or epidemic or pandemic outbreaks; 15) our ability to avoid or recover from cyber-based or other security attacks, information technology failures, or other disruptions; 16) returns on pension plan assets and the
impact of future discount rate changes on pension obligations; 17) our ability to borrow additional funds or refinance debt, including our ability to obtain the debt to finance the purchase price for our announced acquisition
of Asco on favorable terms or at all; 18) competition from commercial aerospace original equipment manufacturers and other aerostructures suppliers; 19) the effect
of governmental laws, such as U.S. export control laws and U.S. and foreign anti-bribery laws such as the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and the United Kingdom Bribery Act, and environmental laws and agency regulations, both in the U.S. and abroad; 20) the effect
of changes in tax law, such as the effect
of The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the «TCJA») that was enacted on December 22, 2017, and changes to the interpretations
of or guidance related thereto, and the Company's ability to accurately calculate and estimate the effect
of such changes; 21) any reduction in our credit ratings; 22) our dependence on our suppliers, as well as the cost and availability
of raw materials and purchased components; 23) our ability to recruit and retain a critical mass
of highly - skilled employees and our relationships with the unions representing many
of our employees; 24)
spending by the U.S. and other
governments on defense; 25) the possibility that our cash flows and our credit facility may not be adequate for our additional capital needs or for payment
of interest on, and principal
of, our indebtedness; 26) our exposure under our revolving credit facility to higher interest payments should interest rates increase substantially; 27) the effectiveness
of any interest rate hedging programs; 28) the effectiveness
of our internal control over financial reporting; 29) the outcome or
impact of ongoing or future litigation, claims, and regulatory actions; 30) exposure to potential product liability and warranty claims; 31) our ability to effectively assess, manage and integrate acquisitions that we pursue, including our ability to successfully integrate the Asco business and generate synergies and other cost savings; 32) our ability to consummate our announced acquisition
of Asco in a timely matter while avoiding any unexpected costs, charges, expenses, adverse changes to business relationships and other business disruptions for ourselves and Asco as a result
of the acquisition; 33) our ability to continue selling certain receivables through our supplier financing program; 34) the risks
of doing business internationally, including fluctuations in foreign current exchange rates, impositions
of tariffs or embargoes, compliance with foreign laws, and domestic and foreign
government policies; and 35) our ability to complete the proposed accelerated stock repurchase plan, among other things.
Gold bugs like Sprott have long warned about the
impact of inflation, central bank policy measures and
government spending on the value
of fiat national currencies.
What Ottawa isn't considering, at least not publicly, is the return
of economic conditions that would dramatically
impact government revenue, not to mention a total financial meltdown that would require emergency stimulus
spending (or a political need to meet calls for stimulus).
The paper argues that sub-national
governments like provinces don't have the same ability to stimulate the economy through
spending, partly because
of spillage to other provinces and partly because their actions don't directly
impact the country's trade.
The expected macroeconomic
impact of the December 2017 tax reform, particularly the lower corporate tax rate and the temporary full expensing
of investment, together with increased
government spending, will begin to be felt in the second quarter and emerges as a powerful fiscal stimulus in the remainder
of the year and in 2019.
This needs to be addressed because
of the pending adverse
impacts of an ageing population on economic growth and on
government revenues and
spending.
The
impact of these restraint measures on departmental
spending was requested by the Parliamentary Budget Officer but refused by the
Government.
As usual, it generated some controversy, dismissed by the
Government over the
impact of the job losses resulting from the proposed
spending reductions, but embraced by the Opposition, for acknowledging the job losses.
Such analysis is especially important, given the
impact of an ageing population on economic growth, and
government revenues and
spending, especially for public pensions and health care.
Weak demand across residential, office and retail sectors has been evident since the decline
of oil prices at the end
of 2014 and continues to
impact government spending and general sentiment, says the Abu Dhabi Real Estate Market Overview Q3, 2016.
Speaking
of the
government's
impact on the industrial sector, aerospace and defense stocks are leading industrials on speculation President Donald Trump is targeting significant increase in defense
spending.
Several high - profile economists and pundits are both frustrated and perplexed that initiatives like cash - for - clunkers, the $ 800 + billion U.S. stimulus program, and Japan's 20 installments
of government spending juice (over recent years) have failed to trigger anywhere close to the expected multiplier1
impact on economic activity.
Other direct program
spending, consisting
of operating expenses for Crown corporation, defence and all other departments and agencies, increased $ 2.3 billion (4.2 %), primarily reflecting increases in federal
government employee pension and other future benefit liabilities, reflecting the
impact of lower interest rates.
Many predict growth will slow again in the April - June quarter, as the
impact of higher Social Security taxes and
government spending cuts begin to weigh on the economy.
They changed their mind because they concluded that the
impact of tax rises and
spending cuts on economic growth — the fabled «fiscal multipliers» — has turned out to be a much bigger drag on growth than they, the
Government or the OBR originally thought.
The cap has already had a dramatic
impact on the
spending behavior
of local
governments, especially school districts.
The
government must do a gender
impact assessment
of any further public
spending changes — so that we can understand the true
impact on women, and prevent women from once again being hardest hit.
«Before the full
impact of the eurozone crisis, the
government's decision to cut
spending and raise taxes too far and too fast has undermined business confidence, held back growth, stalled job creation and left Britain's economy dangerously exposed,» he said.
As Gov. Andrew Cuomo raises the possibility
of an «extender» budget blamed on federal
government - level uncertainty over potential cuts in
spending to the state, the Fiscal Policy Institute has released a report examining the
impact of D.C. aid to New York state and local
governments.
The
government has made commitments to crack down on tax avoidance in order to ease the
impact of public
spending cuts, though the # 2 billion figure suggested by Mr Gauke was dismissed as insufficient by unions.
«Hard - working people have felt the
impact of an economic mess left by the last
government, and do not deserve to be hit twice — having to pick up the bill for ever - increasing welfare
spending at the same time,» he wrote.
Retailers have urged the
government to rethink the way it charges business rates, if companies are to cope with the
impact of the
spending review.
As New York nears the midpoint
of its five - year, $ 8 billion project to reform Medicaid, hundreds
of millions
of dollars awarded from the federal
government have yet to be
spent, and that could negatively
impact the Cuomo administration's effort to overhaul the system.
It averts the threat
of another
government shutdown and eases the
impact of the across - the - board
spending cuts known as sequestration.
People with something to say that might help explain why thirteen years
of Labour
government and unprecedented
spending have had a minimal
impact across estates in places like Tower Hamlets or Bradford.
The figures released by the Office
of National Statistics (ONS) cast doubt on the
government's claims that private sector job creation will spark into life despite the
impact of the
spending review.
Commenting on the Chancellor's Statement, Michael Ankers, Chief Executive
of the Construction Products Association said;» Whilst there may be some relief that the Chancellor did not make further cuts in capital
spending from those already announced by the last
government, the
impact of what is set out in this Budget should not be underestimated.
The focus on higher education the first day is a break with tradition, as lawmakers have generally scheduled the first day
of the joint legislative hearings on the budget to be «tin cup» day — when mayors and local
government officials discuss the
impact of the
spending proposal on their municipality.
The final budget passed by New York state's
government will
impact county, municipal, and school budgets in the form
of mandated local
spending and state aid.
«This is about how the federal
government impacts the people
of the city
of Syracuse and Onondaga County; people that I have, in one way or another,
spent the past 16 years
of my life, doing all that I could, to give them better opportunity,» Miner said.
The science community will be relieved by this settlement, but we know that even 10 % real terms cuts will be painful, will need reversing as soon as the fiscal position improves, and we must watch out for the
impact of any cuts in capital
spending or in R&D budgets across
Government.
Then there's Iraq, where the
government spent $ 80 million over 20 years on bombs that its scientists knew would not deliver most
of the anthrax and other toxins they contained, but simply destroy them on
impact.
A blue - ribbon panel has recommended creating a secure, digital portal for researchers to study the
impact of U.S.
government spending on health care, education, housing, labor markets, and other sectors
of the economy.
The Chancellor should appoint a Chief Scientific Adviser to develop the evidence - base and lead a debate about the future direction
of the
government's economic
impact agenda prior to the next
spending review.»
When the staff
of Saint Michaels Middle / High School (Saint Michaels, Maryland) considered the
impact of that requirement, they determined that they needed to adapt their block schedule to increase the amount
of time students
spent in subjects that were directly tested: Algebra / Data Analysis, English, Biology, and
Government.
In 2012, the National Audit Office (NAO) was commissioned to investigate the
impact that central
government funding had on meeting increased demand as the rise in the number
of children born in England between 2001 and 2011 was the largest ten - year increase since the 1950s and the legacy
of previous Comprehensive
Spending Reviews was
impacting on available funding.
which is now available at www.EducationNext.org and will appear in the Spring 2010 issue
of Education Next, Smarick reviews the
impact of the federal
government's education stimulus
spending to date.
Districts must decide how they plan to
spend that funding, called «
impact aid,» by July 31, or give it back to the federal
government, said Chad Colby, a spokesman for the U.S. Department
of Education.
With the potential budget and postponed fiscal cliff deal looming in Washington, here could be drastic
spending cuts
impacting thousands
of government programs.
It also means that all
of the structural imbalances we have observed are utterly meaningless, and that irresponsible
spending by both
governments and consumers have no negative
impact on the overall economy.
With
governments spending most
of its budget on making sure there is little or no hindrance to the way
of doing business during winter seasons, which may in - turn have a negative
impact to the economy, there is a danger looming in ensuring a balanced environment.
«While annual
spending for the pet industry is reported each year, this is the first time that anyone has looked at the widespread
impact of the pet industry as a whole on the U.S. economy,» said Dr. Terry L. Clower, Professor
of Public Policy at George Mason University's Schar School
of Policy and
Government and Director
of its Center on Regional Analysis, who headed the study.
The
government spends hundreds
of thousands
of dollars (if not more) on conservation programs to protect endangered species threatened by all kinds
of human
impacts, including the feline companions we've kept by our sides for 9,500 years.