Experimentally Estimated
Impacts of School Vouchers on College Enrollment and Degree Attainment.
The study, «Experimentally estimated
impacts of school vouchers on college enrollment and degree attainment,» was published in the Journal of Public Economics in 2015.
The perspectives are both sympathetic and skeptical, examining
the impact of school vouchers on American society, church - state separation, and the Jewish community.
What do we know about
the impact of school vouchers on student learning and longer - term outcomes?
An analysis of the study, «
The Impact of School Vouchers on College Enrollment,» will appear in the Summer issue of Education Next and is now available online at www.educationnext.org.
An analysis of the study, «
The Impact of School Vouchers on College Enrollment,» will appear in the Summer issue of Education Next and is now available online.
A study by Matthew M. Chingos and Paul E. Peterson on the long - term
impact of school vouchers on college enrollment and graduation won the 2016 Association for Education Finance and Policy (AEFP) Prize awarded for Best Academic Paper on School Choice and Reform.
Most research on
the impact of school vouchers looks at short - term outcomes like test scores.
Peterson and Matthew Chingos published a study in the Summer 2013 issue of Education Next, «
The Impact of School Vouchers on College Enrollment,» that found that African - American students benefited the most from receiving vouchers.
Matthew Chingos and I have just released a study that for the first time makes use of data from a randomized field trial to identify
the impact of school vouchers on college enrollments.
This article provides a step - by - step walkthrough of how to estimate the fiscal
impact of a school voucher program by recommending a road map first for how to compute the costs and savings of voucher programs in general.
The fiscal
impact of a school voucher program is completely defined by the following relationship:
If you have any questions or comments about calculating the fiscal
impact of school voucher programs, don't hesitate to comment below or contact me at
[email protected].
If we had reason to believe that either non-observed factors on the front or back end were driving the generally positive
impacts of school voucher programs, it would cause us to question all of them.
Not exact matches
The estimated gain from being offered a
voucher is only half as large as the gain from switching to private
school (in response to being offered a
voucher), so the estimated
impact of offering
vouchers is no more than one - eighth as large as the black - white test score gap.
On February 2, Fordham hosted a discussion on the findings
of recent studies
of the
impact of using
vouchers to attend private
school.
All three effect estimates — treatment vs. control, effect
of voucher use, and
impact of private
schooling — are provided in the longer version
of this article (see «Summary
of the OSP Evaluation» at www.educationnext.org), so that individual readers can view those outcomes that are most relevant to their considerations.
The positive
impacts on reading achievement observed for
voucher users therefore reflect the incremental effect
of adding private
school choice through the OSP to the existing
schooling options for low - income D.C. families.
The authors
of the study, Anna J. Egalite and Jonathan N. Mills, used the state's student - level database as well as U.S. Census data to examine the
voucher program's
impact on integration in the 2012 - 13
school year.
In The Education Gap:
Vouchers and Urban
Schools (Brookings, 2002), we and our colleagues reported that attending a private
school had no discernible
impact, positive or negative, on the test scores
of non-African-American students participating in
school voucher programs in Washington, D.C., New York City, and Dayton, Ohio.
It's too soon to draw sweeping conclusions about the academic
impact of privately financed programs that provide
vouchers to help needy families send their children to private
schools, the General Accounting Office concludes in a recent report.
The net
impact on taxpayers, then, is 1) the savings that come from the difference between the
voucher and the per - pupil revenue at district
schools, for those who would have attended them in the absence
of the
voucher program, minus 2) the
voucher costs for students who would have attended private
schools anyway.
The diversion
of voucher funds from the district to the
voucher school would leave per - pupil revenues unchanged and would also have no net
impact on taxpayers.
In a recent Brookings report, Mark Dynarski cites studies
of Indiana and Louisiana private
school voucher programs that show negative effects, raising provocative questions regarding the
impact and viability
of such programs.
MPCP's
impact on taxpayers can be readily calculated from the gap between the
voucher and per - pupil MPS revenues, under any given assumption regarding the percentage
of voucher users who would have otherwise attended private
school.
Patrick Wolf's IES - funded evaluation
of the Washington, D. C.
school voucher program had a strongly positive
impact on student learning in reading, though not in math.
That estimate, Wolf noted, provides the
impact on all those who ever attended a private
school through the
voucher program, whether for one month, three years, or any length
of time in between.
The studies were conducted as a partnership with the
School Choice Demonstration Project at the University
of Arkansas and look at the
impact of the
vouchers on student achievement and non-cognitive skills, on racial segregation, and on students attending nearby public
schools (competitive effects).
The Commission, chaired by Dr. Paul Hill
of the University
of Washington, carefully reviewed the research on the
impact of school choice on student achievement and included in its report the following statement: «The most rigorous
school choice evaluations that used random assignment... found that academic gains from
vouchers were largely limited to the African - American students in their studies.»
Various studies
of the
impact of private
school voucher programs now in effect have demonstrated mixed results, the report points out, and some
of the studies suffer from methodological problems.
This could be considered the «upper bound» on the
impact of a national
voucher program using currently - operating
schools.
In essence, we estimate the
impact of a universal
voucher program, with no limitations on family eligibility and in which all private elementary
schools participate.
While the CTBA report never mentions the reduction in state allocations to district
schools resulting from
vouchers or scholarships in its discussion
of the
impact on state spending, it does include a section lamenting the loss
of revenue to the district
schools.
To solve this problem, we used as an instrumental variable whether or not a student was offered a
voucher to predict the probability that she attended a private
school; with these predicted values, we can provide an unbiased estimate
of the actual
impact of switching from a public - to a private -
school.
We find that the offer
of a
voucher increased college enrollment within three years
of the student's expected graduation from high
school by 0.7 percentage points, an insignificant
impact.
Private
school vouchers have a generally positive track record in their
impacts on test scores, and evidence suggests that they can increase the educational attainment
of low - income minority students.
Using a similar definition
of scholarship use (receipt
of any scholarship assistance), the evaluators
of the federally funded Washington, D.C.,
voucher program estimated a positive
impact of 21 percent on the high -
school graduation rates
of study participants, 88 percent
of whom were African Americans.
Or consider private
school choice mechanisms like
voucher and tax credit scholarship programs: Despite the positive
impacts of these programs, only eleven
of our thirty cities are located in states where they are legal.
Yet, a recent study
of the first two years
of Louisiana's private
school voucher program documented large negative
impacts on test scores.
An early study
of the
impact of private
school vouchers included results from New York City, Washington, D.C., and Dayton.
To estimate the
impact of switching from a public to a private
school, we did not simply compare those students who used a
voucher to enroll in a private
school with all those who did not.
But the results
of this investigation nonetheless advance our understanding
of the effects
of school choice policies by providing the first experimentally generated information on the long - term
impact of a
voucher intervention.
Florida's
voucher program for students in the lowest - rated public
schools is unconstitutional, the state supreme court ruled last week in a 5 - 2 decision that friends and foes
of private
school choice are scrutinizing for its potential
impact on
voucher debates nationwide.
Similarly, in Revolution at the Margins, Frederick Hess reports that limited competition had little
impact, but the threat
of serious competition from charter
schools and vouchers in 1995 - ’96 led Milwaukee Public Schools to reform with Montessori options, decentralization, tougher graduation requirements, more transparent school report cards, advertising, and empowerment of their more innovative principals, who had previously been treated with co
schools and
vouchers in 1995 - ’96 led Milwaukee Public
Schools to reform with Montessori options, decentralization, tougher graduation requirements, more transparent school report cards, advertising, and empowerment of their more innovative principals, who had previously been treated with co
Schools to reform with Montessori options, decentralization, tougher graduation requirements, more transparent
school report cards, advertising, and empowerment
of their more innovative principals, who had previously been treated with contempt.
According to the official announcement and the executive summary
of the report,
school vouchers lifted high
school graduation rates but it could not be conclusively determined that it had a positive
impact on student achievement.
As
voucher programs have grown, much attention has been paid to the students, their performance, and the
impact of private -
school competition on the public
schools they fled.
One should not under - estimate the
impact of the DC
school voucher program on student achievement.
But since the official enrollment counts for the MFP are conducted at the end
of the
school year (to determine dollars for the following year), any indirect
impact on MFP funding from the
voucher program was delayed for a year after the bill's passage.
We use the state's student - level database to examine the
voucher program's
impact on integration in the 2012 — 13
school year, the program's initial year
of statewide operation.
Going forward, our study will examine the
impacts of vouchers on high -
school students» achievement and attainment.