These
abnormalities tend to cluster in the same individuals.18, 19 Evidence shows that the clustering of
metabolic risk markers in adulthood is associated with elevated risk of developing cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and dementia in later life.18, 20 Importantly, depression, inflammation, and the clustering of
metabolic risk markers frequently co-occur in the same individuals, and their co-occurrence is associated with the greatest disease risk.20, 21 To
improve life quality in aging populations, it is critical to gain a better understanding of the origins of these 3 age - related - disease risks.