«Ensuring Equity in ESSA: The Role of N - Size
in Subgroup Accountability.»
Not exact matches
«Best Practices for Determining
Subgroup Size
in Accountability Systems While Protecting Personally Identifiable Student Information.»
As sample size shrinks, the chances rise that a few individual children influence the school's
accountability rating — either positively or negatively —
in a way that has nothing to do with how well the school serves students
in that
subgroup.
Supersubgroups: Under the Obama administration's NCLB waivers, some states choose to combine several «
subgroups» for
accountability purposes, resulting
in what's known as «supersubgroups.»
Pooling data across years and grades will include most students
in accountability systems, but for lower enrollment populations, pooling across racial / ethnic groups may provide an opportunity to include students
in accountability systems
in cases where
subgroup size is otherwise too small.
[1] The
subgroup requirements for
accountability in NCLB were designed to reveal underperformance of disadvantaged groups that could otherwise be hidden — inadvertently or not —
in aggregate averages.
If n is too small, statistical reliability is at risk; if n is too big, too few schools and students are held accountable, as those with
subgroup enrollments less than n do not participate
in the
accountability system.
The
subgroup requirements for
accountability in the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) were designed to reveal underperformance of disadvantaged groups that could otherwise be hidden
in aggregate averages.
States use
subgroups for two purposes, with potentially two different minimum
subgroup sizes, or n - sizes: reporting (school report cards available to the public online) and federal
accountability (used
in state calculations to determine which schools fall into particular categories under ESSA).
Indeed, this concern drove the requirement that, under the statute,
accountability ratings be determined by
subgroup performance
in addition to aggregate school performance.
Pooling data across years and grades may provide an opportunity to include students
in accountability systems
in cases where
subgroup size is otherwise too small.
In its analysis of the eleven waiver applications, the Center on Education Policy found that nine state applicants will base almost all
accountability decisions on the achievement of only two students groups; i.e., all students and a «disadvantaged» student group or «super
subgroup.»
CAP has praised states
in the past for lowering their n - sizes, but their plan to have fewer students «count» toward a school's
accountability rating would mean less attention on important
subgroups of students.
Dee and Jacob convincingly show that certain
subgroups of children attending schools
in states with weak
accountability regimes prior to NCLB partially caught up with children
in states with stronger programs.
ESSA requires states to «establish a system of meaningfully differentiating, on an annual basis, all public schools
in the State, which shall be based on all indicators
in the State's
accountability system... for all students and for each
subgroup of students.»
While this replaces the statutory approach of basing all
accountability decisions on the separate performance of numerous student
subgroups, including students from low - income families, the assessment results for all of these «disadvantaged» student
subgroups designated
in the ESEA statute must be reported each year and must be taken into account
in determining performance consequences for public schools.
Ensure that all students
in tested grades are included
in the assessment and
accountability system, hold schools and districts accountable for the performance of each student
subgroup and include all schools and districts;
In many waiver states, some of the primary accountability determinations, such as the selection of Priority schools, are based on the performance of all students plus students in a limited number of demographic subgroup
In many waiver states, some of the primary
accountability determinations, such as the selection of Priority schools, are based on the performance of all students plus students
in a limited number of demographic subgroup
in a limited number of demographic
subgroups.
States must include each major racial / ethnic
subgroup in school
accountability systems and can not use a combined «super
subgroup» of minority students.
Tightens the screws on NCLB's «
subgroup accountability,» requiring schools to hit targets on dozens of indicators
in order to avoid stigmas and sanctions.
State
accountability systems must expect the «continuous improvement» of all public schools
in «the academic achievement and academic growth of all students,» including
subgroups.
Or maybe it's not exactly gone,
in the mind of folks who yearn for Uncle Sam to mandate
accountability models that obsess about achievement gaps and give failing grades to any school with low proficiency rates for any
subgroups.
It goes something like this: Step away from federal heavy - handedness around states»
accountability and teacher credentialing systems; keep plenty of transparency of results
in place, especially test scores disaggregated by racial and other
subgroups; offer incentives for embracing promising reforms instead of mandates; and give school districts a lot more flexibility to move their federal dollars around as they see fit.
No state earned top marks
in this category; they failed to provide detailed plans and
accountability when it came to dealing with
subgroups and often just repeated the definition used
in the law.
How to define the «students
in foster care»
subgroup for the purposes of
accountability is an open question, but nevertheless they must be reported on.
The law calls for states, beginning
in school year 2017/18, to use
accountability indicators, disaggregated by
subgroup, to annually differentiate public schools by several categories.
The
accountability systems that have replaced AYP are obscuring
subgroup performance, essentially allowing the adults who work within them off the hook for doing well by the children
in their classrooms.
The Politics K - 12 Team at Education Week surveyed all 50 states regarding their use of «super
subgroups»
in their NCLB waivers that «can no longer be used
in place of individual
subgroups of student for
accountability purposes» under ESSA.
Strengthen school
accountability for traditionally underserved students by maintaining required statewide assessments for all students
in grade 3 - 8 and once
in grades 10 - 12, with flexibility for states to intervene
in schools failing to serve student
subgroups.
Before federal education officials exempted Indiana from the national
accountability law, schools tracked the performance of students
in every socioeconomic and ethnic «
subgroup»
in their building.
In a letter sent to the Education Department today, these groups express deep concerns about waiver implementation, from how graduation rates are factored into state
accountability systems to how
subgroups of at - risk students are being helped.
We need an
accountability system that will clearly communicate how schools are doing and how student
subgroups are doing
in order to improve outcomes for all students.
Teachers: you can work night and day with a
subgroup, show gains
in learning of 1 to 2 years from your students beginning of the year baseline, yet if your gains don't meet AYP Proficiency under differentiated
accountability — you and your kids will be deemed failures.
Includes STAAR results for students previously identified as English learners
in the English learner student
subgroup for purposes of school
accountability, for up to four years after the student ceases to be an English learner.
The administration also failed to fully address other concerns: For example, it granted Georgia a waiver
in spite of concerns that it didn't include graduation rate data for poor and minority kids into its proposed
accountability system, the College and Career Ready Performance Index, which effectively meant that «a school could earn a high CCRPI with low graduation rates for some
subgroups».
After much debate, the legislation allows the inclusion of former English learners
in the English learner
subgroup for
accountability purposes for up to four years.
In exchange, states implemented systems of differentiated accountability in which they identified and intervened in their lowest - performing schools («Priority» schools) and schools with the largest achievement gaps between subgroups of students («Focus» schools
In exchange, states implemented systems of differentiated
accountability in which they identified and intervened in their lowest - performing schools («Priority» schools) and schools with the largest achievement gaps between subgroups of students («Focus» schools
in which they identified and intervened
in their lowest - performing schools («Priority» schools) and schools with the largest achievement gaps between subgroups of students («Focus» schools
in their lowest - performing schools («Priority» schools) and schools with the largest achievement gaps between
subgroups of students («Focus» schools).
While we appreciate CDE's proposal to disaggregate student
subgroup data
in achievement (not just growth, as was the case
in previous frameworks), as well as the Department's commitment to ensuring transparency of
subgroup performance data
in reporting, we strongly encourage CDE to reconsider the adoption of a combined
subgroup for
accountability purposes, which would have significant implications for educational equity.
If only the Obama administration would stop forcing states to continue some form of
subgroup accountability and allow for more «race - neutral» approaches, then there could be more innovation
in accountability that may further systemic reform.
State
accountability systems must meaningfully hold schools accountable if fewer than 95 percent of all students or of any
subgroup of students were not included
in the state's assessment.
Waivers have now let states choose their growth goals which, as you caution, may
in fact lead to reduced
accountability and be devastating to particular
subgroups (and could happen, if certain stakeholders get their way).
Yet given that achievement gaps are present
in schools that are both high - and low - performing overall, a policy that restricts
subgroup accountability to an arbitrary number or a percentage of schools — such as only the lowest - performing schools
in a state — is not enough to address existing achievement disparities.
It is also clear that
subgroup accountability must be addressed
in the ESEA.
Allows elementary and middle schools to earn additional points
in its
accountability system for accelerating student achievement, including increasing student performance
in math, decreasing the number of minimally proficient students, improving the performance of certain student
subgroups and / or using an inclusion model for special education.
In short, the very
subgroup accountability at the heart of No Child's AYP provision.
ESSA maintains a strong focus on
accountability and requires all states to have
in place systems of
accountability and supports that include annual
accountability determinations for all public schools based on multiple indicators for the school overall and for certain
subgroups of students.
-- With respect to a student previously identified as an English learner and for not more than 4 years after the student ceases to be identified as an English learner, a State may include the results of the student's assessments under paragraph (2)(B)(v)(I) within the English learner
subgroup of the
subgroups of students (as defined
in subsection (c)(2)(D)-RRB- for the purposes of the State - determined
accountability system.
under paragraph (2)(B)(v)(I) within the English learner
subgroup of the
subgroups of students (as defined
in subsection (c)(2)(D)-RRB- for the purposes of the State - determined
accountability system.
Yet states still must, like under NCLB, administer annual standardized tests to students
in grades three through eight, intervene
in the lowest - performing schools, report progress for historically under - served
subgroups, and submit
accountability plans to the U.S. Department of Education.
With every
subgroup of students, including English learners, expected to show annual progress toward 100 percent proficiency by 2014, a Catch - 22 was created since the law required that students
in the English - learner group who became proficient
in English could no longer be counted
in the group for
accountability purposes.