Stock market crashes are social phenomena where external economic events combine with crowd behavior and
psychology in a positive feedback loop where selling by some market participants drives more market participants to sell.
It's clear from the above diagram that the busiest network is the most useful, therefore the most valuable and most likely to attract ever more
users in a positive feedback loop.
In this case, incursions of circumpolar deep water onto the continental shelf are melting the ice stream at its base and encouraging grounding line recession, which
results in a positive feedback loop and further grounding line recession.
Because of the high water - holding capacity of peat and its low hydraulic conductivity, accumulation of soil organic carbon raises the water table, which lowers decomposition rates of soil organic
carbon in a positive feedback loop.
But this absolves the individual scientists, university science program administrators, professional scientific societies and science journals
involved in the positive feedback loop of nothing.