In contrast to the congregation, among whose practices doing theology is inherent but secondary,
in a theological school doing theology is primary and central among its constituting practices.
Not exact matches
If they are defined
in a
theological way, how
in actual practice is this
school's goal to educate persons for «ministerial functions» related to its overarching goal
in some way «to have to
do with God»?
How
does the fact that it is a
theological school constrain the concrete ways
in which the disciplines function
in these practices?
A
school is «
theological,» I suggest, to the extent that everything
done in its name has one overarching goal: more clearly to understand God and to understand everything
in relation to God.
Teaching and learning these things make for truly
theological schooling only when they are
done in the service of a further end: learning so to love God with the mind as to come to understand God more deeply and more truly.
On the other hand, if the concrete way this
school does «have to
do with God» is ordered to education for ministerial functions, is it not then
in practice using «having to
do with God» for a further, ulterior purpose («educating for ministerial functions»), thus corrupting its proper
theological character («having to
do with God for God's own sake»)?
Without further qualification, the capacities cultivated
in theological schooling could just as well be capacities for «
doing» contemplation or capacities for specific affections as they could be capacities for intentional bodily action and discursive reasoning.
Accordingly, is it any more adequate to the way this
theological school «has to
do with God» to analyze it
in terms of a contrast between «theory»» and «practice»?
Does this thesis mean that one has to be personally and existentially involved
in the common life of a congregation
in order to be capable of engaging fruitfully
in the practices comprising a
theological school?
Not only
does the pluralism
in question characterize past and present construals of the Christian thing and their respective social and cultural locations; it also characterizes particular
theological schools, the practices that constitute them, and their respective social and cultural locations.
This is a major cause of the thinness of much worship that
does go on
in theological schools.
Hence a
theological school does focus study on congregations, but is not defined by an interest
in doing so.
This brings us back to our point: the differences and relation between a
theological school and Christian congregations
in regard to
doing theology.
Whereas theology is necessarily
done «properly»
in congregations
in the service of their «worship,» that is, their response to the odd ways
in which God makes Godself present, it is
done not only «properly» but also «educationally»
in a
theological school.
It
does not follow, however, that the persons involved
in the practices constituting a
theological school must also be existentially engaged
in the practices constituting a worshiping congregation.
Do they not,
in the first place, reintroduce the distinction between «theoretical» and «practical» (or «academic» and «professional») which, once adopted as a way to organize the world of a
theological school, ends up alienating the «theoretical» or «academic» and making it functionally irrelevant to the «practical» or «professional»?
However, it
does not rule out that the group of persons cooperatively engaged
in the practices constituting a
theological school might also at other times cooperatively engage
in the practices constituting a Christian congregation, and vice versa.
Theological schools do so through practices of self - governing that, as I argued in chapter 8, must be qualified in certain respects by the fact that they are theologic
Theological schools do so through practices of self - governing that, as I argued
in chapter 8, must be qualified
in certain respects by the fact that they are
theologicaltheological schools.
To
do so,
theological schools and religious bodies will probably need to make major, long - term investments
in recruitment.
Thomas, the Bible
does not teach this staff, it was was developed by Greek anchient philosophers and when philosophy was introduced
in theological schools, the rest is history.
Not only
does Wood distance himself from the «Berlin» model's picture of what is involved
in education
in Wissenschaft he also rejects its definition of
theological education as professional schooling: «Theological education is not necessarily professional education for ministry, but the heart of proper professional education for ministry is theological education&r
theological education as professional
schooling: «
Theological education is not necessarily professional education for ministry, but the heart of proper professional education for ministry is theological education&r
Theological education is not necessarily professional education for ministry, but the heart of proper professional education for ministry is
theological education&r
theological education» (93).
Wheeler cites the research
done by Auburn Seminary's Center for the Study of
Theological Education in intensively examining theological faculties in several seminaries, with particular emphasis on whether such schools will be able to recruit enough qualified faculty to replace the many who are currentl
Theological Education
in intensively examining
theological faculties in several seminaries, with particular emphasis on whether such schools will be able to recruit enough qualified faculty to replace the many who are currentl
theological faculties
in several seminaries, with particular emphasis on whether such
schools will be able to recruit enough qualified faculty to replace the many who are currently retiring.
He has
done graduate work at Yale Divinity
School,, Union
Theological Seminary, and McCormick
School of Theology
in Chicago.
What the proposal
does argue is this: Study of various subject matters
in a
theological school will be the indirect way to truer understanding of God only insofar as the subject matters are taken precisely as interconnected elements of the Christian thing, and that can be
done concretely by studying them
in light of questions about their place and role
in the actual communal life of actual and deeply diverse Christian congregations.
However, the proposal
does not imply any major changes
in the traditional array of subject matters studied
in theological schools.
All of the disciplines actually employed
in the study of various subject matters
in a
theological school are also used
in a variety of types of
schooling that
do not claim to be and are far from being
theological.
The proposal will be that
doing this would provide a way to make a
theological school's course of study genuinely unified without denial of the pluralism of ways
in which the Christian thing is construed, and it could make the course of study more adequate to the pluralism without undercutting its unity.
At no point
do they ask the normative question: Is this what ought to be happening
in a
theological school?
Even when I taught a course at Vanderbilt University divinity
school in 1971 called «Forms of Religious Reflection,»
in which we looked at the limitations and possibilities for religious reflection of various literary genres (parables, autobiographies, novels, poems, etc.), I
did not know that a movement was aborning concerned with story and autobiography
in theological reflection — a movement of which I was soon to feel very much a part.
The first, superficial impression is that the Protestant
theological schools in the United States and Canada
do not consciously count themselves members of one community but function as though they were responsible to many different societies.
These two reasons interlock because of a crucial fact
in the sociology of theology: the institutional context
in which most «intellectually serious» or «formal» theology has been
done in North America for more than a century and a half has increasingly been the
theological school.
Despite the American and democratic character of Protestant churches and the
theological schools that serve them, an interpreter who tried to understand them primarily
in this context would need to
do violence to them, to twist the meaning of their affirmations of purpose and to misconstrue the character of the work that goes on
in them.
Theological schools in North America
in this period
did not turn into research universities.
Whereas
in 1939 few
theological schools offered counseling courses, by the 1950s almost all of them
did.
Adopting «
in Jesus» name» as the necessary minimal condition for a counting as a «Christian congregation» for the purpose of a
theological school's study
does not, of course, require any particular answer to the quite different question whether God is truly known and worshiped by groups who
do not worship
in Jesus» name or whether God is redemptively present to them.
These two aspects of a
theological school's theoretical work — its necessary disinterestedness and its necessary guidance by interest
in God —
do not conflict with each other but rather require each other.
A purely sociological or anthropological study of a Christian congregation or of «the church» that purports to give a full account of what a congregation is, how and why it functions as it
does, and when and why it succeeds or fails, would meet severe objections
in most
theological schools.
It is just as striking that he
does not ground that unity
in the structure of a
theological school's object.
Those who engage
in theological schooling, students and faculty, must themselves be engaged
in these more inclusive activities also, not because we learn by
doing, but because «we
do not learn the meaning of deeds without
doing».
Faculty
in those fields who are members of departments of religious studies receive their doctoral education
in the same graduate
schools as
do faculty
in theological schools, and faculty move back and forth between the two contexts.
It is increasingly difficult to assign any actual content to Niebuhr's distinction between intellectual work that is
done in theological schools, guided by love of God and attending to its objects
in their God - relatedness, and intellectual work that is either not guided by love of God or, when it is, always attends to its object
in abstraction from its God - relatedness, as must be
done by definition
in a secular college or university.
What we
do have through the Niebuhr - Williams - Gustafson study, as through its predecessors, is clear evidence of the power of the «Berlin» Wissenschaft - cum - professional
school model of excellence
in schooling over North American
theological schools.
Nonetheless, unity
in theological schooling finally lies not
in its structure but
in how it is
done, the manner
in which it is undertaken.
The danger of proceeding
in this way is that one may unify
theological schooling but
in doing so may hide larger inequities
in the arrangement of social power and may validate particular oppressive arrangements of power.
But even those who wanted to teach
in a
theological school stumbled when we asked them: «What
do you think ministers really need to know about your subject
in order to lead people
in lives of faith and action?
Instead of proposing to negotiate a synthesis of «Athens» and «Berlin» on the «Athens» model's home court, as the proposals we have just examined
do, a second current
in the present discussion of
theological schooling tries to negotiate between them on the «Berlin» model's terms.
The sort of liberalism which looks with contempt upon conservative groups and their
schools or even on conservative tendencies
in theology
in general, calling them all «Fundamentalist,» and the kind of conservatism that abhors all critical movements alike, cut themselves off from each other
in the
theological world more effectively than
do Baptists from Presbyterians, Methodists from Anglicans.
There are few
theological schools where these groups
do not compete for the students» interest and time, where some members of the former group
do not feel that the scholarliness of
theological study is being impaired by the attention claimed for field work and counseling, where teachers of preaching, church administration and pastoral care and directors of field work
do not regard much of the
theological work as somewhat beside the point
in the education of a minister for the contemporary Church.
However, it also is the case that a
theological school does theology
in an educational way.
This honors the tradition
in theological schooling that insists that whatever else it
does, a
theological school should prepare «learned ministers.»