Sentences with phrase «in afferent»

A plane's normal line has no polarity, but each semicircular canal can be rotated in a direction that provides an increase in afferent neuron firing rate (excitatory direction) or it may be rotated in the opposite direction to produce a decrease in afferent neuron firing rate (inhibitory direction).

These data suggest that one or more other transmitters may play a role in afferent signaling.

«To get a good picture of how stimulus information is being conveyed in these afferent populations, you have to look at a diverse set of stimuli that spans the range of what you might feel in everyday tactile experience,» he said.

Not exact matches

During a TT, pacing strategy is regulated in a complex anticipatory system that monitors afferent feedback from various physiological systems, and then regulates the work rate so that potentially limiting changes do not occur before the endpoint of exercise is reached.

In contrast, if the initial work rate and RPE are the result of afferent feedback, then differences in work rate would be expected at the onset of exercise, as soon as differences between conditions are detecteIn contrast, if the initial work rate and RPE are the result of afferent feedback, then differences in work rate would be expected at the onset of exercise, as soon as differences between conditions are detectein work rate would be expected at the onset of exercise, as soon as differences between conditions are detected.

During exercise, afferent feedback from numerous physiological systems is responsible for the generation of the conscious RPE, which is continuously matched with the subconscious template by means of adjustments in power output.

We subsequently develop a model to explain how this regulatory system might utilise the subjective rating of perceived exertion (RPE) as a means of integrating afferent information and a variety of other cues in order to achieve these objectives during exercise.

It was speculated that the exercising athlete did not take the incorrect distance information into account, but based their pacing strategy on previous experience, the initial knowledge of exercise duration and on physiological afferent inputs throughout the exercise bout (D in fig 2).

The C - afferent nerve is centrally and ventrally located from your collarbone to your sternum in all humans.

Increased plasma levels of oxytocin in response to afferent electrical stimulation of the sciatic and vagal nerves and in response to touch and pinch in anaesthetized rats.

This new company was established to handle the Rosia Montana project and manage its afferent patrimony — consisting of the company's package of shares in the mining project and the liabilities resulting from loans it has taken in order to participate in the project.

Natriuretic polypeptide b is the primary neurotransmitter in TRPV1 - expressing, itch - sensitive afferent nerve fibers.

However, while the maps for visual space and eye input were thought to originate from the segregation of thalamic afferents in visual cortex, the origin of the other maps remained unclear.

The work of Kremkow and colleagues indicates that the organization of all maps originates from the same principle: an arrangement of thalamic afferents that minimizes differences in spatial position, eye input and light / dark polarity among neighboring cortical neurons.

Afferent Pharmaceuticals today announced publication of results from a Phase 2 clinical trial demonstrating that the company's novel drug candidate, AF - 219, reduced daytime cough frequency by 75 % compared to placebo in patients with treatment - refractory chronic cough.

Kathleen Sereda Glaub, Afferent's chief executive officer, stated, «The remarkable findings in cough, as published in The Lancet, provide the first evidence that AF - 219 may be able to reduce chronic coughing in patients whose nerve fibers have been hyper - sensitized.

These results support Afferent's current development strategy to initiate a Phase 2b clinical trial early in 2015.

Until now, rapidly adapting afferents were primarily thought to play a role in detecting when an object was slipping from a grasp.

However, in experiments in which subjects moved a finger across sandpaper — the quintessential example of the type of textures we encounter in the real world — SA1 afferents did not respond at all.

Some types of afferents are better than others at detecting texture or shape, for example, but all of them respond in their own way and contribute to the overall sensation.

The majority of studies investigating the neural basis of texture perception have used coarse materials, such as gratings and Braille patterns, which activate a set of receptors in the skin called slowly adapting type 1 (SA1) afferents.

In contrast, afferent fibers relay sensory input from the gut to the brain.

Instead of thinking of individual groups of afferents working separately to process different components of the sense of touch, Bensmaia said we should think of all of them working in concert, much like individual musicians in a band to create its overall sound.

In the present study, we have investigated the role of 5 - HT in the communication between taste receptor cells and afferent nerve fiberIn the present study, we have investigated the role of 5 - HT in the communication between taste receptor cells and afferent nerve fiberin the communication between taste receptor cells and afferent nerve fibers.

Therefore, 5 - HT signaling to afferent nerve fibers could participate in the transmission of sour or some components of salty taste by type III cells.

We investigated whether gustatory afferents express functional 5 - HT3 receptors and, if so, whether these receptors play a role in transmission of taste information from taste buds to nerves.

We therefore hypothesized that theta - burst microstimulation, targeted to brain regions containing afferent fibers to the hippocampus, would improve episodic memory performance in humans.

To first determine whether gustatory afferents express GFP in 5 - HT3AGFP mice, we examined the geniculate ganglion and taste buds.

Whole taste nerve recordings in WT mice show that 5 - HT3 antagonists (both ODS and pentobarbital) significantly decrease responses to most tastants, suggesting that 5 - HT3 receptors have a role in communication between taste receptor cells and afferent nerve fibers.

Here, we asked whether application of microstimulation targeted to the entorhinal afferents into hippocampus could enhance declarative memory function in humans.

Herein, we test whether 5 - HT released by taste cells plays a role in the transmission of taste information by activation of 5 - HT3 receptors on afferent nerve fibers.

Knockdown of sodium channel Na < sub > V 1.6 blocks mechanical pain and abnormal bursting activity of afferent neurons in inflamed sensory ganglia.

Afferent regulation of chicken auditory brainstem neurons: Rapid changes in phosphorylation of elongation factor 2.

Expression of GABAB receptor in the avian auditory brainstem: ontogeny, afferent deprivation, and ultrastructure.

Early blockade of injured primary sensory afferents reduces glial cell activation in two rat neuropathic pain models.

Gene expression differences over a critical period of afferent - dependent neuron survival in the mouse auditory brainstem.

Ivan R. Minev, Daniel J Chew, Evangelos Delivopoulos, James W Fawcett, and Stéphanie P Lacour High Sensitivity Recording of Afferent Nerve Activity Using Ultra-Compliant Microchannel Electrodes: An Acute in Vivo Validation Journal of Neural Engineering 9, no. 2: 026005 (2012)

Relation between cutaneous receptive fields and muscle afferent input to climbing fibres projecting to the cerebellar C3 zone in the cat.

Short - latency afferent inhibition (SAI) and resting motor threshold are significantly reduced in AD patients as compared to healthy elders.

He previously served as Chairman and founding CEO of CoLucid Pharmaceuticals (NASDAQ: CLCD)(acquired by Eli Lilly in 2017), and on the boards of Afferent Pharmaceuticals (acquired by Merck in 2016), Chimerix (NASDAQ: CMRX), Quintiles Transnational Corp. (NASDAQ: QTRN now NYSE: Q), TYRX (acquired by Medtronic in 2013), Syntonix Pharmaceuticals (acquired by Biogen IDEC in 2007), LEAD Therapeutics (acquired by BioMarin in 2010), CardioDx, and Embrex (NASDAQ: EMBX)(acquired by Pfizer in 2006).

Afferents to the visual wulst were mapped by stereotactic iontophoretic application (4 µA positive current, 7 sec on / off, duration: 20 — 30 min) of biotinylated dextran amin (BDA, working dilution: 10 % in phosphate buffered saline, PBS; Molecular Probes Europe BV, Leiden, The Netherlands) into Cluster N or into medial parts of the visual Wulst.

Lateral parts of the DLL, which receive afferents from the retina, project upon the medial wulst and Cluster N (shown in white).

Certain particle compounds may directly generate ROS in vivo because of their surface chemistry (eg, metals, organic compounds, and semiquinones) or after bioactivation by cytochrome P450 systems (eg, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon conversion to quinones).6, 290 a, 290 b A particle surface or anions present on otherwise more inert particles may disrupt iron homeostasis in the lung and thereby also generate ROS via Fenton reactions.291 Other PM constituents may do so indirectly by the upregulation of endogenous cellular sources (eg, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate [NADPH]-RRB- oxidase) 292,293 or by perturbing organelle function (eg, mitochondria) by taken - up PM components.261 Particle stimulation of irritant and afferent ANS fibers may also play a role in local and systemic oxidative stress formation.294 Given the rich antioxidant defenses in the lung fluid, secondarily generated oxidization products of endogenous molecules (eg, oxidized phospholipids, proteins) or a reduction in endogenous antioxidants per se may be responsible at least in part for the state of oxidative stress in the lungs (along with instigating the subsequent cellular responses) rather than ROS derived directly from PM and its constituents.

More than just a command system that merely sends signals, scientists are now finding more and more ways in which our afferent (sensory) system plays a huge role in our posture, how we move and, down the road, how we create wear and tear in our machinery.

Cardiovascular afferent signals have numerous connections to important brain centers as your thalamus, hypothalamus, and amygdala, and because of this, the signals from your heart play a direct role in determining your perceptions, thought processes, emotional experiences and overall stress.

The fact that vagal stimulation helps reinforces Spreadbury's theory that says that acellular carbs provoke dysbiosis in the small intestine with the consequence vagal afferent inflammation.

Psychoactive bacteria Lactobacillus rhamnosus (JB - 1) elicits rapid frequency facilitation in vagal afferents.

In addition to the microbiota themselves, the GI tract is also home to roughly 50,000 extrinsic and 100 million intrinsic sensory afferent neurons in the enteric nervous systeIn addition to the microbiota themselves, the GI tract is also home to roughly 50,000 extrinsic and 100 million intrinsic sensory afferent neurons in the enteric nervous systein the enteric nervous system.

In many mammal models of diet - induced obesity, leptin resistance is seen initially at and within the signaling though the vagal afferents into the area postrema.

The main areas of interest include the innervation of blood vessels and viscera, autonomic ganglia, efferent and afferent autonomic pathways, and autonomic nuclei and pathways in the central nervous system.